Rectifier, device that converts alternating electric current into direct current. It may be an electron tube (either a vacuum or a gaseous type), vibrator, solid-state device, or mechanical device. Direct current is necessary for the operation of many devices such as laptop computers, televisions, and certain power tools.

If only one polarity of an alternating current is used to produce a pulsating direct current, the process is called half-wave rectification. When both polarities are used, producing a continuous train of pulses, the process is called full-wave rectification.
You may wonder how power lines send electric currents across long distances for different purposes. And there are different "types" of electricity. The electricity that powers electric railway systems may not be appropriate for household appliances like phones and television sets. Rectifiers help by converting between these different types of electricity.

Bridge Rectifier and Rectifier Diode
AC DC rectifier lets you convert from alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). AC is current that switches between flowing backwards and forwards at regular intervals while DC flows in a single direction. They generally rely on a bridge rectifier or a rectifier diode.
All rectifiers use P-N junctions, semiconductor devices that let electric current flow in only a single direction from the formation of p-type semiconductors with n-type semiconductors. The "p" side has an excess of holes (locations where there are no electrons) so it is positively charged. The "n" side is negatively charged with electrons in their outer shells.
Many circuits with this technology are built with a bridge rectifier. Bridge rectifiers convert AC to DC using its system of diodes made of a semiconductor material in either a half wave method that rectifiers one direction of the AC signal or a full wave method that rectifies both directions of the input AC.
Semiconductors are materials that let current flow because they're made of metals like gallium or metalloids like silicon that are contaminated with materials like phosphorous as a means of controlling current. You can use a bridge rectifier for different applications for a wide range of currents.
Bridge rectifiers also have the advantage of outputting more voltage and power than other rectifiers. Despite these benefits, bridge rectifiers suffer from having to use four diodes with the extra diodes compared to other rectifiers, causing a voltage drop that decreases the output voltage.

Silicon and Germanium Diodes
Scientists and engineers generally use silicon more frequently than germanium in creating diodes. Silicon p-n junctions work more effectively at higher temperatures than germanium ones. Silicon semiconductors let electric current flow more easily and can be created with lower costs.
These diodes take advantage of the p-n junction to convert AC to DC as a sort of electric "switch" that lets current flow in either the forward or reverse direction based on the p-n junction direction. Forward biased diodes let current continue to flow while reverse biased diodes block it. This is what causes silicon diodes to have a forward voltage of about 0.7 volts so that they only lets current flow if it's more than volts. For germanium diodes, the forward voltage is 0.3 volts.
The anode terminal of a battery, electrode or other voltage source where oxidization occurs in a circuit, supplies the the holes to the cathode of a diode in forming the p-n junction. In contrast, the cathode of a voltage source, where reduction occurs, provides the electrons that are sent to the anode of the diode.

Half Wave Rectifier Circuit
You can study how half wave rectifiers are connected in circuits to understand how they work. Half wave rectifiers switch between being forward biased and reverse biased based on the positive or negative half cycle of the input AC wave. It sends this signal to a load resistor such that the current flowing through the resistor is proportional to voltage.
You can measure the voltage across the load resistor as the supply voltage Vs, which is equal to the output DC voltage Vout. The resistance associated with this voltage also depends on the diode of the circuit itself. Then, the rectifier circuit switches to being reverse biased in which it takes the negative half cycle of the input AC signal. In this case, no current flows through the diode or the circuit and the output voltage drops to 0. The output current is, then, unidirectional.
Full wave rectifiers, in contrast, use the entire cycle (with positive and negative half cycles) of the input AC signal. The four diodes in a full wave rectifier circuit are arranged such that, when the AC signal input is positive, the current flows across the diode from D1 to the load resistance and back to the AC source through D2. When the AC signal is negative, the current takes the D3-load-D4 path instead. The load resistance also outputs the DC voltage from the full wave rectifier.
The average voltage value of a full wave rectifier is twice that of a half wave rectifier, and the root mean squared voltage, a method of measuring AC voltage, of a full wave rectifier is √2 times that of a half wave rectifier.

Rectifier Components and Applications
Most of the electronic appliances in your household use AC, but some devices like laptops convert this current to DC before using it. Most laptops use a type of Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS) that lets the output DC voltage more power for the size, cost and weight of the adapter.
SMPS work using a rectifier, oscillator and filter that control pulse width modulation (a method of reducing the power of an electric signal), voltage and current. The oscillator is an AC signal source from which you can determine amplitude of current and the direction it flows. The laptop's AC adapter then uses this to connect to the AC power source and converts the high AC voltage to low DC voltage, a form it can use to power itself, during charging.
Some rectifier systems also use a smoothing circuit or capacitor that lets them output a constant voltage, instead of one that varies over time. The electrolytic capacitor of smoothing capacitors can achieve capacitances between 10 to thousands of microfarads (μF). More capacitance is necessary for greater input voltage.
Other rectifiers make use of transformers which alter voltage using four-layered semiconductors known as thyristors alongside diodes. A silicon-controlled rectifier, another name for a thyristor, uses a cathode and an anode separated by a gate and its four layers to create two p-n junctions arranged one on top of the other.

Uses of Rectifier Systems
The types of rectifier systems vary across applications in which you need to alter voltage or current. In addition to the applications already discussed, rectifiers find use in soldering equipment, electric welding, AM radio signals, pulse generators, voltage multipliers and power supply circuits.
Soldering irons that are used to connect parts of electric circuits together use half wave rectifiers for a single direction of the input AC. Electric welding techniques that use bridge rectifier circuits are ideal candidates for providing supply steady, polarized DC voltage.
AM radio, which modulates amplitude, can use half wave rectifiers to detect changes in electric signal input. Pulse generating circuits, which generate rectangular pulses for digital circuits use half wave rectifiers for changing the input signal.
Rectifiers in power supply circuits convert AC to DC from different power supplies. This is useful as DC is generally sent across long distances before it is converted to AC for household electricity and electronic devices. These technologies make great use of the bridge rectifier that can handle the change in voltage.
Electric vehicles have lots in common with gasoline-powered cars—room for four-plus passengers, range of several hundred miles, good safety—plus that one big difference: recharging with a plug at versus refueling from a pump. We’ve all pumped gas and know it’s a five- to 10-minute process; we suspect recharging takes longer and we know there are far fewer charging stations than the 125,000 U.S. public gas stations.
Here’s what you need to know about buying, installing and using the right EV charger. The more you know, the clearer it becomes that the unique aspects of EVs aren’t automatic disqualifiers.
Clearing Up the Range-Anxiety Misconception
With a gas-engine car, most owners drive until it’s low on fuel because gas stations are everywhere and gassing up is a quick stop. But empty-to-full charging is not what EV owners do most of the time. They top off every night or two, and as long as the car is charged in the morning, charging time doesn’t matter and range anxiety isn’t an issue for daily driving. Some use public charging, which means you do have to wait on the car. But 80% of charging is done at home, according to the JD Power U.S. Electric Vehicle Experience (EVX) Home Charging Study
Range and charging time may be less of an issue if an EV is the second car. If an EV is the only car, for long summer or holiday trip, owners can do what owners of compact gasoline-powered sedans may do: Rent a midsize or larger SUV for that two-week vacation. Or find a hotel with on-site charging.
For those who charge at home, you need to have the right charging equipment, and the proper electrical supply.
With EV charging, there isn’t a one-size-fits-all solution. Electric vehicles have different charging capabilities and requirements and every owner also has their own driving needs.
Here’s a look at key aspects of choosing the right charging equipment, installing it properly and best practices for using EV charging accessories at home.
Do You Need to Buy an EV Charger When One Comes Free?
Every electric car comes standard with a portable charger. (This thick cable that plugs into a wall outlet and the car counts as a charger.) However, every manufacturer provides a different unit, with varying levels of charging capabilities. In some cases, the same manufacturer provides different standard charging equipment depending on which of its EV offerings you purchase or lease.
EV charging connector types: what they are and how they compare
Moving to an EV from a petrol car is fairly straightforward. All the controls are in the same place, and the steering wheel hasn't changed into a large carrot or anything like that.
The thing that is different, however, is the fuel - and that means a new type of fueling connector. EV charging connector is broadly similar to a petrol hose - they're a pipe the electricity comes down - but there are three distinct types of charger, and they might need an adapter depending on what's fitted on your new electric car.


Those types are Rapid, which is the fastest. Fast, which is not the fastest. And Slow, which you probably get the idea about.
Mercedes EQC review: shows how good premium EVs can be
Volvo XC60 Recharge review: this PHEV is great for space, comfort and family
Polestar 2 review: all-electric performance, powered by Google
Charging comes in either AC (for home chargers) or DC, and the amount of energy is measured in kilowatts.
Rapid chargers always have captive cables, so no need to bring your own, but the other kinds may require you to bridge the gap between charger and car yourself - your EV will come with a set of cables and adapters to do just this.
The market has yet to coalesce around one type of plug, and it can be quite complicated working out what goes where. We're here to help, and these are the most common connectors used on electric cars.
GB/T Charging Connectors
China, which has the world's largest electric car fleet, has its own charging connection. GB/T charging connectors again comes in AC and DC variants, the former with seven pins, and the latter with nine. Its plugs are circular, with a flattened edge, and larger than other types.
Type1 / CCS1 Conenctors
CCS, or combined charging system, is a beautifully elegant solution for fast DC charging. These are the original plugs, either Type 1 or Type 2, to which two more pins are added at the bottom. In the case of DC charging, these two lower pins participate in the charging itself and from the upper part only the communication pin and the earth conductor, which provides the reference point for the protection systems, are used. These connectors can withstand power of up to 350 kW.
It is currently the most popular type of DC connector. Type1 / CCS1 conenctors are common in the United States, while Type 2 CCS is used in Europe. The European Parliament's efforts to allow only CCS 2 and other plugs to be phased out of Europe have not been successful, but this standard is still winning, mainly because the car has only one socket. When using the CHAdeMO connector, the car must always have two sockets.
CCS are not compatible with CHAdeMO and GB / T charging stations because they use different communication protocolsa, so special adapters are needed and they are not easy to obtain.

Mass production of footwear requires cutting every type of shoe material. Shoe leather, fabric, foam, and reinforcing materials must all be cut into the shoe pattern shapes. While there are many new technologies for cutting shoe materials such as a laser, water jet, and CNC drag knife; the steel rule cutting die is still the most common for footwear production.
Shoe parts cutting dies
[img=1x1]/Content/upload/2021808837/202108261320011756371.jpgresize=360%2C270&ssl=1.jpg[/img]
Used to cut out shoe parts, these steel cutting dies and shoe sole cutters look just like cookie cutters. Each mould and dies is made of sharpened rule steel then coated with rust proof paint and marked with the shoe size and model number. Making a shoe requires hundreds of dies. One die for each part, for every size of a shoe. For high volume shoe production, the shoe factory may need many sets of cutting dies.
Making footwear cutting dies
The cutting die maker starts with the cut paper pattern templates of the shoe pattern. The worker will then bend the rule steel into shape using the paper pattern as a guide.
The worker uses a special bench that will help bend the metal. The bench has a foot-operated anvil that moves the tool head to make the bends. A skilled worker can make each cutting die outline in just a few minutes.
The final operations to make the shoe cutting dies include coating it with rust proof paint and a final check to make sure the cutting edge is very sharp. While there are many operations required to make shoe cuttings dies the production is fast, the materials and labor are relatively inexpensive. For small orders, a cutting die fee may be charged by the shoe factory, but usually, the cost of the cutting dies are accounted for the LOP (labor, overhead and profit) charges.
What is Tungsten Carbide Nozzle?
Cemented carbide nozzle is made of precision machinery and cemented carbide material (superhard alloy). The bending resistance is 2300n / mm and the hardness is hra90 degree. When machining cemented carbide nozzle, we achieve precision grinding and surface treatment to achieve the hole roughness of ra0.1 and the roughness of both ends of R is Ra0.025. There is a scientific radius of curvature design at the two entrances. This design ensures the smooth passage of the thread. Due to the whole material processing, there is no elevation angle on the drilling hole, and the bending and blocking phenomenon has been improved compared with ruby nozzle. Cemented carbide nozzle is made by hot pressing and sintering hot straight hole and hill hole. Because of its hardness, low density, excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance, cemented carbide nozzle has been widely used in sand blasting and shot peening equipment, which ensures that the product can be used in the best air and abrasive for a long time.
advantages
Advantages of cemented carbide nozzle: corrosion resistance, long service life, excellent performance, high cost performance, not easy to wear.
Carbide nozzle and other nozzles: common nozzle materials include cast iron, ceramics, tungsten carbide, silicon carbide, boron carbide. Ceramic nozzles are only used in non aggressive light equipment and abrasive in explosion cabinets. Tungsten, silicon, and boron carbide are the most popular blasting applications due to their long service life. The following is a list of carbide nozzles and their comparison with other nozzles.
The shape of nozzle hole of cemented carbide determines its air flow pattern. The nozzle generally has a straight hole or a limiting hole, a hill hole.
1. Straight hole (cemented carbide nozzle 1): the straight hole nozzle forms a sealed air flow mode for on-site or internal air flow. This facilitates the realization of small tasks, such as cleaning parts, weld forming, cleaning handrails, steps, plaques, or stone carvings and other materials.
2. Traditional long hill design (carbide nozzle 2)
3. The orifice nozzle forms a sufficient airflow pattern, and the grinding speed can be increased up to 100% for a given pressure. The best choice of Venturi surface is to improve the productivity of the nozzle. Compared with the straight hole nozzle, the productivity of the long mound nozzle can be increased by 40% when the abrasive consumption is about 40%.
4. Double venturi (carbide nozzle 4): Double venturi and wide throat nozzle are the enhanced version of long venturi nozzle. The double dome style can be thought of as having two nozzles between a set of slits and holes to allow the incoming atmosphere to enter the downstream section. The outlet end is also wider than the traditional nozzle. These two modifications are made to increase the size of the airflow pattern and minimize abrasive loss at a speed.
5. Wide throat nozzle (carbide nozzle 5): wide throat nozzle is equipped with a large outlet and a large divergent outlet. When matched with the same size hose, they can increase productivity by 15% over a smaller throat nozzle. When wide throat nozzles also have large divergent holes, they can use a lower abrasive mode under higher pressure, and the yield can be as high as 60%.
For some lattice bridges, the back of the flange, the inside of the pipe type of shrink point, can effectively use angled nozzles. Many operators spend a lot of time and abrasive to wait for a bounce to complete the job. The use of angle nozzle as long as hair less time is always able to repair quickly, reducing the overall time.
Application
Cemented carbide has a series of excellent properties, such as high hardness, wear resistance, good strength and toughness, heat resistance and corrosion resistance. Especially, its high hardness and wear resistance remain unchanged even at 500 ℃ and high hardness at 1000 ℃. Cemented carbide is widely used as tool material, such as turning tool, milling cutter, planer, drill bit, boring tool, etc. it is used to cut cast iron, non-ferrous metal, plastic, chemical fiber, graphite, glass, stone and ordinary steel, as well as refractory materials such as heat-resistant steel, stainless steel, high manganese steel and tool steel.
Cemented carbide nozzles offer the advantages of economy and longer service life when it is unavoidable to rough load and unload and media used to cut abrasives (glass beads, steel balls, steel sand, minerals or cinders). Traditionally, cemented carbide is the preferred material for cemented carbide nozzle.
Cemented carbide nozzle is widely used in surface treatment, sandblasting, spray painting, electronic, chemical process and other industries.
Cemented carbide nozzles are also used in different applications, such as for wire straightening, wire guides and other aspects.
WHEN TO USE A CONCRETE SCARIFIER
A Concrete Scarifier is one of the most productive pieces of surface prep equipment for heavy removal jobs and to prep for overlay. Some people find it difficult to identify when using a scarifier is a better option over another piece of equipment such as a grinder or shot blaster. It is important to remember that there isn’t necessarily one piece of surface prep equipment that is better than others, each machine has its benefits and will work better in certain situations. Understanding when different machines are most effective will ensure maximum efficiency and optimum results.
In this blog, we highlight a few of the situations where a scarifier would be the most effective option. Obviously, the use of a scarifier is not limited to the following situations.
TRIP HAZARDS
Trip hazards can occur in many different environments, but one of the most common is sidewalks. Sidewalk slabs can often become uneven and raised at the expansion joints because of continuous exposure to varying, and even extreme weather, as well as frequent traffic. As a result, you end up with trip hazards that need to be reduced.
These trip hazards can be drastically uneven between each sidewalk slab. If you were to use a concrete grinder, it would take much longer than a scarifier. The speed and aggressiveness that scarifier cutters offer, makes reducing these trip hazards fairly quick and painless.
We’re not saying that you can’t use a grinder - depending on the size of the trip hazard you may be able to get away with using a grinder, but generally a scarifier is more effective and productive.
Lastly, since it’s a sidewalk, the aggressive profile left behind by a scarifier is ideal for helping to prevent someone from slipping when its wet.
REMOVAL OF CONCRETE GREATER THAN 1/8” (3MM)
When you need to remove concrete that is greater than 1/8” (3mm) thick because of a bad pour or other demolition, a scarifier will be able to do this much faster than a grinder. A scarifier will not only save you significant money in time spent, but also in tooling costs.
THICKER COATINGS
When it comes to coating removal, you could use a shot blaster, grinder or scarifier depending on the coating being removed, operator preference, surrounding conditions etc. However, if you are removing a thick coating and are not needing to polish the floor after, a scarifier will be the fastest most effective form of removal. Not to say that a grinder with PCD tooling can't remove some of these coatings as well, its just that generally for this coating removal a scarifier is faster and more effective because of its aggressiveness.
END GOAL
What is being done with the floor after the concrete is planed down, or the coating is removed, will have impact on what type of equipment you choose for the job. Because there are so many variables that come into play, its difficult to make a generalized statement that one is always better than another. In some situations, like if you’re looking to achieve a polished finish after a coating removal, a scarifier may be too aggressive, especially if the user is inexperienced. In other situations, grinding will take way too long and won’t give you the profile you need for certain overlays, so a scarifier is a better option. Sometimes using multiple types of equipment is the best option.
Ultimately, choosing your equipment depending on the end goal and the situation is the best way to ensure maximum efficiency and the best results. If you’re ever unsure about what process, or what equipment to use for your job, do some research, or talk to the equipment manufacturer, rental house or dealer you’re getting your equipment from.
At the end of the day, scarifiers are extremely effective for many different types of removal and surface prep jobs. As you gain experience, you will develop your own way of doing things and find which equipment is most effective for your business. However, keeping an open mind about all the options you available to you in the industry will prove to be a benefit.

What are wet wipes?--Definition/history and classification.
There is a lot more to wiping products than meets the eye. Through this series will be providing you a guide into the world of wipes and provide answers to the questions you might be asking. Today we are going to have a peek at what wet wipes is, its history and its applications.
Wet wipes are a familiar sight today. You can find them perhaps on your kitchen counter or in purses of mothers with a baby or kid in tow. Even offices, commercial establishments, and industrial facilities include wet wipes in their list of cleaning supplies. The fact is, these pieces of disposable, moist cloth or paper have become somewhat of a necessity in our lives.
From delicate cleaning to tough scrubbing, there is a wide variety of wipes and towels for your cleaning needs.
So what exactly are wet wipes, and how did they evolve?
Wet wipes, also known as wet towels, disinfecting wipes, or moist towelettes, are small, pre-moistened pieces of paper or fabric that often come folded and individually wrapped for convenience. They are mainly used for cleaning or disinfecting.
Wipes can be a paper, tissue or nonwoven; they are subjected to light rubbing or friction, in order to remove dirt or liquid from the surface. Consumers want wipes to absorb, retain or release dust or liquid on demand. One of the main benefits that wipes provide is convenience – using a wipe is quicker and easier than the alternative of dispensing a liquid and using another cloth/paper towel to clean or remove the liquid.

Most wipes are made of non-woven fabric similar to those used in dryer sheets. These are then saturated with a solution of water and gentle cleansing agents such as isopropyl alcohol. For that added scent, softness or moisturizing capability, the paper or cloth may also be treated with lotion and softeners. The finished product is then folded and placed inside packets, boxes or handy dispensers.
According to Wikipedia, There is a story about the invention of wipes going on that American Arthur Julius is seen as the inventor of the wet wipes. Julius worked in the cosmetics industry and adjusted 1957 a soap portionor machine, putting it in a loft in Manhattan. Julius trademarked the name Wet-Nap in 1958, a name for the product that is still being used. After fine tuning his newfangled hand-cleaning aid together with a mechanic, he unveiled his invention at the 1960 National Restaurant Show in Chicago and in 1963 started selling Wet-Nap products to Colonel Sanders for use in his KFC restaurant.
The need for these handy, cleaning wipes started when people began traveling a lot. During these trips, they realized a necessity to clean up quickly and easily without stopping at a hotel or motel.
The first companies to take advantage of this new product were major brands such as Kimberly-Clark and Procter & Gamble, who had the ability to purchase the costly specialized equipment needed for manufacturing cleaning products. But as technology progressed, producing these moist towelettes became more affordable, allowing smaller brands to venture into this business.
By the 1990s, a number of large supermarket chains began selling their own brand of wipes. Due to their lower prices, these store brands successfully lured consumers of other brands.
As the popularity of these scrubbing wipes increased, their use eventually shifted. What were once considered as primary hygienic tools for the body when on the road eventually became the number one means of cleaning babies instantly and conveniently.
Wipes started at the bottom or more precisely, the baby’s bottom. Yet, during the past decade, the category has grown to include hard surface cleaning, makeup applications and removal, dusting and floor cleaning.In fact, applications other than baby care now account for about 50% of sales in the wipes category.
Wipes mainly cater into 3 categories:
1.Personal Care wipes
2.Household cleaning wipe
3.Industrial cleaning wipe

Individual care wipe led the market for many years (with baby wipes being the largest sector) but household wipes dominated by 2005 accounting for 45% of sales in North America.1 Pet care wipes have also entered the market, such as Pawtizer, an antibacterial paw wipe because ‘there are as many germs on paws as on human hands’.2 The manufacture of wet wipes is specialised requiring bulky equipment for the manufacturing of the wipe substrate, its subsequent dosing with the ‘wet’ phase and final packaging. The formulating of the wet wipe solutions may be conducted inhouse or contracted out but the application to the substrate for personal care and household products is generally contracted out to manufacturers with the experience and equipment to handle the work. The main areas of use for wet wipes are set out in Table 1. The design of wet wipes, the often long term storage of partly used packs, evaporation of the solution, and the interaction between the various components of the wipes and packaging makes them more susceptible to contamination than most other personal care products.
ARE BABY WIPES SAFE TO USE ON YOUR BABY’S FACE?
The concerns of new parents are too numerous to list here, but among them is the need for safe, effective baby wipes. While this may seem like a simple thing to find, the market is saturated with any number of products that could have unknown effects on a child’s sensitive skin. Choosing the right beauty and baby care wipe for your baby can mean the difference between comfort and irritation – and the difference between quiet nights and fussy ones.

WHAT TYPES OF BABY WIPES ARE AVAILABLE?
Parents looking to select a brand of baby wipe have a lot of options to choose from, and our skincare product manufacturers can work with you to create something that fits your needs. Wipes can vary based on a number of characteristics, including the type of solution, thickness of the wipe, design of the packaging, and product’s environmental impact. Here are a few of the common kinds of baby wipes:
BASIC DISPOSABLE WIPES
Simple, easy-to-use baby wipes are available in abundance from an array of sources, both online and in retail stores. While many of these wipes are inexpensive and available in bulk, they tend to be very thin and less effective than other types of wipe. Also, because they are cheaply made, they can sometimes contain chemicals that irritate a baby’s skin. Still, they can work well in a pinch and are easy to find.
NATURAL WIPES
As with many products these days, a variety of baby wipes made with natural ingredients are available to discerning parents. These wipes can sometimes come at a greater cost than the more basic alternatives, but the advantages they offer can be significant. Instead of the chlorine, alcohol, and perfumes that come with lower priced wipes, natural wipes use plant-based ingredients like aloe vera and lavender to soothe the skin without the need for irritating chemicals or scents.
WATER-BASED WIPES
The ultimate in hypoallergenic skin care, water-based baby wipes go even farther than natural wipes in their commitment to simplicity. As the name implies, water-based wipes use solutions made from up to 99. percent water, often with just a drop of a natural ingredient – a fruit extract or natural oil, for example – to soothe the skin without irritating it. If your child has especially sensitive skin or a condition like eczema, water-based wipes may be your best bet; they tend to be more expensive, but the results speak for themselves.
CLOTH WIPES
Although they require a bit more work on a parent’s part, cloth wipes stand alone among baby wipes for a number of reasons. For one thing, they can save money in the long run because they’re reusable, so you won’t need to buy seemingly endless amounts of wipes as your child goes through diaper changes. Cloth wipes are also the strongest of wipes, so you won’t have to worry about tearing them during a particularly messy cleanup. The downside is the added laundering it takes to keep yourself stocked up in cloth wipes just as you would using cloth diapers.
WHAT TYPES OF WIPES SHOULD I USE ON MY BABY’S FACE?
Broadly speaking, any hypoallergenic baby wipe is safe to use on your baby’s skin unless your child has a particular sensitivity or skin condition. This is true of their face as well as any other part of their body. In recent years, however, many parents have begun moving away from products that contain chemicals and toward those made with fewer ingredients, especially those that occur naturally.
The reason parents prefer these wipes is simple: fewer chemicals means fewer irritants that can affect a child’s sensitive skin. It is not uncommon for babies to break out into rashes when exposed to certain types of cleaning agents, such as those found in certain brands of baby wipe, so if this happens to you, don’t panic. Instead, try a new type of baby wipe – one with fewer ingredients is usually safer to use, and natural ingredients are even better.
The bottom line is that every baby is different, and parents should plan their choice of baby wipes accordingly. Your baby may not need the most expensive wipe on the market – but then again, they might. For the best results, both for your baby’s skin and your wallet, try the one that sounds best to you and make adjustments as needed.
MANUFACTURING CUSTOM BABY WIPES FOR BUSINESSES ACROSS THE UNITED STATES
With more than a decade of manufacturing experience, Anthem United States of Beauty has the facilities and expertise to create custom wipes for businesses, whether they are meant for babies or adults. Our engineers can formulate solutions to a customer’s exact specifications using a wide range of ingredients, including those from natural sources. Our skincare product packaging is among the most innovative in any industry, and we provide lightning-fast solutions from conception to delivery.

The sedimentation process in both water and wastewater treatment is a physical process which relies on gravity to settle and remove suspended solids. Advanced solids settling processes typically utilize lamella, commonly referred to as tube settlers or plate settlers, to reduce the vertical distance solids particles must fall until hitting a “settling surface”. Higher flow rates, better effluent quality, and more compact sedimentation basins can all be achieved with both types of lamella sedimentation equipment. Although both operate on the same principles of solids settling and can be used as basis of design in many cases, there are several notable differences between the two technologies.
Characteristics of Tube Settlers and Plate Settlers
Tube settlers utilize multiple adjacent tubular channels that are sloped at a nominal 60° angle and combine to form an increased effective settling area. The size and shape of the tubular channels vary by manufacturer. Brentwood’s tube settler design features a trapezoidal shape created by thermoforming PVC sheets. You can learn more about our design process by reading our Thermoformed vs. Extruded Tube Settlers blog.
In contrast, plate settlers use a series of inclined plates, typically constructed of steel, which are spaced two to three inches apart from each other on a 55° to 60° angle to form an increased effective settling area. As a result of these design differences, typical design parameters for these two types differ.

Comparing Design Parameters
It is important to note that there is a difference in application rate (flow rate/coverage area, expressed in gpm/ft2) between tube settlers and plate settlers as a result of different effective settling area terms used, despite settling principles being similar for the two technologies. To provide a more direct comparison, the application rates of tube settlers can be converted to an equivalent “plate” application rate by taking into account the projected surface area of tubes:
As illustrated in the above table, the equivalent maximum “plate” application rates of Brentwood tube settlers are in the same range as a generic plate settler, which has an average application rate of 0.30. IFR6041 tube settlers are the most comparable to plate settlers in regard to coverage area because settler length is similar. However, Brentwood’s other tube settler modules are capable of treating required flow just as effectively with appropriate coverage area. Tube settlers also eliminate cross-flow and eddy currents, which makes flow hydraulics more stable and efficient.
In addition to varying design approaches, there are other advantages and disadvantages to consider when comparing tube settlers or plate settlers for your application:
Tube Settlers
Advantages:

• Lightweight PVC results in easy installation and does not require heavy lifting equipment
  
  
• Lower capital cost due to materials of construction
  
  
• Applicable in shallow tanks with underflow velocity concerns
  
  
• Twenty to twenty-five year service life, provided proper maintenance is performed
  
  
• Only PVC tube settlers are replaced at the end of their useful life typically supporting structures and effluent troughs can remain
  
  
• Tube settlers are strong enough to walk on top of for proper maintenance
  
  
• Highly customizable to accommodate varying basin configurations
  

• Maximum module vertical height is 41 inches, resulting in a maximum application rate of 3.5 gpm/ft2
  
  
• PVC must be protected from extensive UV exposure. Brentwood tube settlers do contain UV inhibitors. AccuGrid protective surface grating is also available for additional UV protection.
  

• Less limitation on depth
  
  
• Longer lifespan due to material of construction
  

• Two to three times higher capital cost
  
  
• Higher installation cost due to required heavy lifting equipment
  
  
• Deeper basin requirements to accommodate underflow velocities
  
  
• Risk of corrosion in certain environments (certain industrial wastewater applications)
  

1. Different Separation and Absorption
   
   
2. Absorption and Stripping Services
   
   
3. Steam Stripping
   
   
4. Quench Towers
   
   
5. Direct Contact Cooling
   
   
6. Reaction Towers
   
   
7. Distillation Columns
   
   
8. Tower Packing
   

Including abrasion resistant ceramic pipe elbow, straight pipe , structural tee, head size, radius sections , adjustable pipe , mainly used for the air force , pumping slurry pipeline and other materials . Because the transmission medium with high hardness, flow speed , flow characteristics, can effectively reduce the transmission medium to the wall to produce long-lasting impact, abrasion , corrosion fatigue causes the pipe was gradually worn out speed.

1 , the definition of wear-resistant ceramic pipe
Depending on the working conditions of wear on the wear-resistant ceramic pipe lining materials have different choices. Resistant ceramic lined pipe ( lining of aluminum oxide , silicon carbide , zirconia, silicon nitride , sialon , aluminum nitride, boron nitride , etc. ) ; resistant alloy tube ; hexsteel wearable pipe fittings ; rubber resistant steel grinding tube ; wear-resistant plastic tube ; wear-resistant cast stone pipe ; wearable self-propagating composite pipe ; rare earth alloy wear-resistant pipe.

2 , the main application of wear-resistant ceramic pipe
In addition to used in coal-fired power plants wear elbow ash , slag pipe , powder , powder tube back , desulfurization pipes , but also widely used in the following industries:
Mining : Coal industry CWS , washing mud , mine backfill , mine coal powder ;
Metal mines : concentrate and tailings transport wear elbow ;
Metallurgy : Steel mill blast of pulverized coal injection , slag and other transmission pipelines ; CAO, zinc Bei sands pipeline , transporting steel alloys, refining , etc. Preferably wear elbow ;
Cement : raw slurry wet rotary kiln production line conveyor , coal transportation, upgrading cutting machine , pneumatic conveying finished unloading cement , concrete wear elbow .
Chemical : pulverized coal pipeline , transporting raw materials such as silica fume wear elbow .

The main application sectors 3 , wear-resistant ceramic pipe
In addition to used in coal-fired power plants wear elbow ash , slag pipe , powder , powder tube back , desulfurization pipes , but also widely used in the following industries:
Mining : Coal industry CWS , washing mud , mine backfill , mine coal powder ;
Metal mines : concentrate and tailings transport wear elbow ;
Metallurgy : Steel mill blast of pulverized coal injection , slag and other transmission pipelines ; CAO, zinc Bei sands pipeline , transporting steel alloys, refining , etc. Preferably wear elbow ;
Cement : raw slurry wet rotary kiln production line conveyor , coal transportation, upgrading cutting machine , pneumatic conveying finished unloading cement , concrete wear elbow .
Chemical : pulverized coal pipeline , transporting raw materials such as silica fume wear elbow .

4, the detailed use of wear-resistant ceramic pipe
Transport has been around electricity, metallurgy, coal , petroleum, chemicals, building materials , machinery and other industries, and high-speed developing. When the wear-resistant ceramic grinding large pipeline materials (such as ash , coal , ore concentrates , tailings, cement, etc. ) , there is an abrasion resistant ceramic pipe faster , especially wear elbow faster. When the pipeline in the wear-resistant ceramic having a strong corrosive gas , liquid or solid , there is a problem of corrosion and wear-resistant ceramic pipe is quickly destroyed . When the pipeline resistant ceramic materials with higher temperatures , there is a heat-resistant steel prices are very expensive problem. After resistant ceramic pipe market, these problems are solved. Wear resistant ceramic pipe is widely used in mine backfill serious , transporting ore concentrate and tailings , coal-fired power plant feed powder , slag , ash and other wear-resistant ceramic pipes are also very suitable . Resistant ceramic pipes are transported strong corrosive acid, alkali , salt and abrasive both solid , wear-resistant ceramic pipe ideal liquid delivery . In the high-temperature corrosion resistant ceramic pipe , high temperature or high-temperature ablation wear occasions using very safe and reliable.

5 , wear-resistant ceramic pipe production technology
Resistant ceramic pipes are using self- propagating high temperature synthesis - centrifugation manufacture. After that is placed inside the centrifuge tube seamless steel mold , joined in the steel and aluminum oxide powder mixture , the mixture called thermite in chemistry , centrifuge tube mold rotation reaches a certain speed , through a Mars ignite thermite , thermite now own , the combustion wave spread rapidly , following violent chemical reaction occurs when the spread.
Chapter One – What are Alumina Ceramics?
Alumina Ceramic Liner is an industrial ceramic that has high hardness, is long wearing, and can only be formed by diamond grinding. It is manufactured from bauxite and can be shaped using injection molding, die pressing, isostatic pressing, slip casting, and extrusion.
Products made from alumina, some of which are shown in the image below, are wear, chemical, erosion, corrosion, and high temperature resistant and bioinert, making them perfect for medical implants.
Alumina ceramics are a technical ceramic due to their properties and price to performance ratio. The classification of alumina ceramics is based on their alumina content, which can vary from 70% to 99.9%. The higher the purity of alumina, the stronger is its wear and corrosion resistance.
Chapter Two – Properties of Alumina Ceramics
Alumina ceramics are made from a white granular material that is similar to table salt or a very fine silky dense powder. The three general types of alumina are hydrated, calcined, and tabular. Each type has a variety of grades.
The types of alumina vary according to the amount of soda (Na2O), iron (Fe2O3) and silica (SiO2) they contain as well as their chemical purity and the properties of the powder used in the production process.
Calcined:
To produce calcined alumina, aluminum oxide is heated to 1050° C or 1900° F. The super heating removes all chemicals and water creating a very pure, 99.99% pure, with a 9 on the Mohs hardness scale, which is just below a diamond’s Mohs rating of 10.
Hydrated:
Alumina hydrate, or alumina hydroxide, is used as a glaze because of its ability to stay in suspension in glaze slurries and adhesive qualities.
Tabular:
Tabular alumina is produced by heating aluminum oxide to 1650° C or 3000° F. It has a high heat capacity, excellent thermal temperature, strength, and volume stability. It is formed from sintering balls of calcined alumina, which are crushed to form a powder. Tabular alumina has high refractory properties, mechanical strength, wear resistance, chemical purity, dielectric properties, and corrosion resistance in acids and alkaline.
Properties of Alumina
High Temperature Ability
Alumina is used in oxidizing and reducing atmospheres up to 1650°C or 2900°F as well as vacuum environments of 2000°C or 3600°F. At 1000° C, it keeps 50% of the tensile strength it has at room temperature. While metals are weakened by high temperatures, alumina ceramics retain their strength when they return to normal temperatures and are unchanged.
Abrasion Resistant
Abrasion wears down a material by rubbing it away by friction. The resistance to abrasion means a material will maintain its original structure even after mechanical wear. Alumina ceramics are high in abrasion resistance due its hardness.
Chemical Resistance
Alumina is resistant to acids and alkalis at high temperatures because it is inert, not chemically reactive, which makes it resistant to the effects of chemicals such as solvents and salt solutions.
Density
The density of a material is its mass divided by its volume, which is read as grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3) where grams is mass and cubic centimeters is volume. As the volume increases, the density of the material increases. Alumina ceramics are made from fine particles that do not allow for voids in the material. The fewer voids means the material has high volume and density. The density of alumina ceramics varies according to the temperature. At 25° C, its density is 3.965 g/m3 at standard atmospheric pressure.
Mechanical
The mechanical properties of a material is determined by its strength, which is the amount of stress and strain it can endure. Alumina has superior strength and hardness that improves with the purity of the different grades.
Thermal
Alumina has high resistivity and reduces thermal shock. The increased purity of alumina increases its resistivity.
Dielectric
Alumina ceramics make a perfect insulation material because of its dielectric equality, the inability of an electric current to pass through them.
Hardness
Hardness tells the ability of a material to be able to endure mechanical wear and abrasion. Alumina ceramics are harder than steel and tungsten carbide tools. They are harder than sapphire and are excellent for mill linings and bearings. According to Rockwell hardness, alumina ceramics are at HRA80-90, second only to diamonds and above stainless steel.

ZTA ceramic liner is zirconia toughenedalumina ceramic liner ，belonging to inorganic non-metallic materials, is a good wear-resistant materials. Zirconia toughening alumina ceramic is added pure 99 Zr02 zirconia, the particles form ZrO2 toughened alumina ceramic. Alumina toughness can be significantly improved when zirconia is added as appropriate. It can be said that the toughening of alumina ceramics is the toughening method most used at present, and about 20% zirconia (ZrO2) is added to toughen the alumina.
ZTA toughening effect mainly comes from the following mechanism:
(1) to make the aluminum oxide grain refinement.
(2) Zirconia phase change toughening.
(3). Micro-crack toughening.
(4). Crack steering and bifurcation. Zirconia toughened alumina mechanical properties: ZTA
(zirconia toughened alumina) ceramic density > 4.1, Rockwell hardness > 90, Vickers hardness >
1300, fracture toughness 6.0, flexural strength 480MPa, compressive strength 3600MPa, ZTA toughening alumina ceramic liner is added on the basis of alumina zirconia ceramic ingredients, abrasion resistance and toughness between the alumina ceramic and zirconia ceramics, zirconia ceramics because the higher prices, the user once The larger the amount investment, the largest number of manufacturers are mostly European and American companies and BHP Billion and other groups.
What is Concrete Pump Pipe?
Concrete pump pipeline is used with concrete pumps to ensure that the concrete is delivered correctly and safely to where it needs to be. It's an essential part of truck-mounted concrete pumps, trailer pumps, or placing booms. The concrete pump pipe is the most wearing component on a concrete pump as it has the biggest contact and the most friction with the concrete. The durability of pipes is one of the major factors to the pumping efficiency.

Linen fabric has long been a durable, dependable summer-friendly fabric made from the flax plant. According to Encyclopedia Britannica: “Flax is one of the oldest textile fibers used by humans; evidence of its use has been found in Switzerland’s prehistoric lake dwellings. Fine linen fabrics have been discovered in ancient Egyptian tombs.”

Thanks to its ability to conduct heat well by absorbing and releasing moisture quickly, garments and fabrics made from linen feel cooler in warmer months, making them the ideal option for men looking to elevate their style above the ofttimes chosen cotton t-shirt. This is why come summertime, you'll see linen pants, a blazer, a jacket, and even a full on linen suit - the breathability of pure linen natural fiber makes linen shirts a classic menswear staple for the warm weather wardrobe. Whether it be for a special occasion, that extra hot summer day, or even everyday wear, there seems to only be one real drawback of natural fabric texture Wrinkles.

It's time you forget what you’ve been told about the fiber from flax you know as linen. Times have changed, and it's time to appreciate the very look and nature of the loosely woven classic fabric. The wrinkles of linen are actually what make it great. When someone wears the flowy fabric, it’s showing an ease – a comfort in wearing a fabric that couldn’t be too formal if it tried. Sure, suits and dress shirts can be found frequently made from linen, but its inherent qualities keep it apart from a tightly woven super 150’s wool-silk or a 100% Egyptian cotton broadcloth.
How to Wear Linen Men's Shirts
Introducing a linen shirt into your wardrobe – warm weather wardrobe, everyday wear, or somewhere in between – might seem intimidating. If you are used to swapping out your button front shirts for a simple polo style, then you can easily grab one of these and wear it just about the same way.
Do: Wear it untucked, with casual jeans, chinos, or shorts whenever you feel the need to be cool - both literally and figuratively.
Don’t: Take it too seriously. Relax. There is a common misconception that linen is an unforgiving luxury fabric that needs to be reserved for a special occasion. That is simply not true. Linen can be washed and dried just like all of your other clothes (although always read washing instructions) so it should be worn like all your other clothes.
Do: Consider wearing it into the fall. Much like linen sheets (we are a big fan), linen clothing is actually great to incorporate into your cold weather wardrobe as well. It’s a sturdy fabric that can actually help regulate temperature all year long, not just during the hot summer days.
Don’t: Overthink it. Pick a style that you think you would wear and then go for it. The nature of this style is to be lightweight and airy, so don’t go for anything too “slim fit.” Fabric does stretch out a bit over time, but you should still aim to buy the size that fits you naturally.
If you want to feel safe, grab a solid option and ease into the stye. If you’re looking to dive into the deep end of this trend, go for a bold floral print that will surely get you noticed. If you are feeling somewhere in between, don’t worry, there are plenty of options for you guys too.
We’ve picked out 11 men's linen shirts that we think that you should take a serious look at for the warm temperatures that remain.
Why is linen sustainable?
Linen has been the slow burn in a notoriously fickle fashion industry, but the latest figures show that more and more labels are loving it and using it more.
64% of brands used linen to a great extent for the first time - Dior, Fendi, Louis Vuitton
28% were large brands - Fendi, Stella McCartney, Maison Margiela, etc.
49% of designers showcased at least one linen look in their collection (i.e. 18.6% of designers vs. 12.5% in 2020)*
Ladies linen is a much more sustainable fabric than cotton, even organic cotton. This is for a few reasons:
Linen is made from flax, which is a regenerative crop that enriches the soil.
It uses a lot less water than cotton. A linen shirt uses 6.4 litres of water - it's 26 litres for a cotton shirt, according to the CELC (European Confederation of Flax and Hemp).
Most flax is grown in northern Europe - France, Belgium and The Netherlands account for 85% of world production - which cuts down the air miles for the European fashion industry.
Thanks to its temperature-regulating properties, it can be worn comfortably all year round.
Linen's fibres are much longer lasting than cotton, which makes it more expensive to produce but it will last much longer in your wardrobe.
It is an anti-bacterial fabric which means you don't need to wash it as often.
There's no plastic in this natural material, so no microplastics will be washed into the sea when you wash i.
How to Wear a Linen Suit
It happens year after year: every single summer you get invited to a wedding and every single summer it gets uncomfortably hot. You could just keep wearing your regular office-friendly wool suit, sweat through it, send it to the dry cleaner, and repeat. Or you can buy a L
linen ladies suit.
Here is the good news: There are linen suits all over the place right now, at every price and every cut, and they’re very good. Here is the better news: there are more reasons than ever to grab one. People are dressing more comfortably, but also more elegantly! People are consuming more sustainably! People are wearing suits because they actually want to! It’s time for the linen suit.
Before you scroll down or run off and buy your perfect linen suit, here are some thoughts on the best way to wear one. First, there might be a point in the dressing room, or when you decant your online order, where you doubt this whole thing. You’ll think of retired guys drinking mojitos on vacation. You’ll think of drunk idiots at the Kentucky Derby. You’ll think that this was a bad idea. Banish these images from your mind and instead of focus on the image of a rakish Italian street style star, or Seth Rogen on the cover of GQ. Imagine yourself as someone who is eternally on vacation, Moondog-style, instead of someone who only takes one once a year and then gets a sunburn.
Next, make sure your suit fits you well in the shoulders—which is the one feature of a suit that’s basically impossible to mess with—and, assuming it does, take it directly to the tailor. It doesn’t matter if you’re wearing your suits baggy and easy or slim and tidy these days, it still needs to fit well. Linen loses its shape the moment you look at it. If it doesn’t look good at 8am, it’s sure as hell not going to look good at 8pm.
Finally, don’t turn into Jay Gatsby. Just because you’re wearing a linen men's suit doesn’t mean you need to go full “gentleman at a lawn party.” Unless you’re actually attending some grand outdoor event, you might just look like a rogue groomsman. Yes, lightweight suits look good with lightweight clothes. Yes, light colors look good with other light colors. But don’t lose your mind with vests, suspenders, and light pink ties. A simple crewneck T-shirt and some leather dress shoes usually does the trick. Wear a pinky ring and some ribbed socks if you want to be a little extra. Or jazz your suit up with one of those printed camp-collar shirts and a pair of canvas sneakers. Mojito-guy would never wear that.

Rubber O rings are a form of gasket or seal that features a round cross-section. They are commonly used to prevent leaks of either fluids or gases from occurring in products, systems, or machinery and find use across a variety of industries. Because of their low cost, simple production process, ease of installation, and pressure resistance, they have found application in a lot of common products, such as automobiles and engines. The aerospace industry useso-ringsin many types of rockets and aircraft applications.
This article will review information on the types of o-rings and material options available, along with their suitability for different applications.
Selection Factors
The fact that o-rings can function in so many applications is largely attributable to the fact that there is a wide range of materials available from which they may be fabricated.This range of selection allows the designer to consider the properties of the material and select a suitable option based on how well that material performs against the expected operating conditions of the application. The factors that are usually considered when selecting a material for an o-ring include:
The material’s compressibility or hardness (durometer)
The performance against environmental and operational conditions, including:
Oils
Solvents
Acids
Bases
Steam
Fuels
Corrosive chemicals
The abrasion performance of the material
The permeability of the material (permeation)
The cost of the material
O-rings are usually produced from some form of elastic polymer or elastomer. These polymers are cured, often through vulcanization, resulting in improved strength, durability, and elasticity. Different materials have different properties, though, with some exhibiting greater elasticity and others possessing more tear-resistance.
PTFE
Temperature range:Between -100 degrees Fahrenheit and 500 degrees Fahrenheit.
Suited forurePTFE O ringsare very rigid and hard to apply, butPTFEencapsulated o-rings handle surface wear well, in addition to exhibiting corrosion and abrasion resistance, non-permeability, chemical inertness, and low absorption.
Avoid:Like silicone,PTFEis rigid and is better suited to static applications.
Applications:Examples of PTFE o-ring uses include automotive steering devices and paint guns.
O-rings Information
Solid O-ring is solid-rubber seals that are shaped like a doughnut. When pressed between two mating surfaces, O-rings block the passage of liquids or gases.
Types of Seals
O-rings can form a static or dynamic seals. A static seal is where the O-ring does not move and is used simply for containing pressure or maintaining a vacuum.Dynamic sealscan be reciprocating (like a piston and cylinder), or rotating (shaft rotating in a housing). Straight threads used with O-rings provide a better seal than tapered threads used alone.
A boss seal is also an O-ring, however it does not fit the standard sizes for an O-ring. A boss is a cylindrical projection on a casting or forging. The end of that projection is machined to provide a flat, smooth surface for sealing.
Application Methods
Axial squeeze and radial squeeze are two methods for applying an O-ring. An axial squeeze is when the ring is compressed parallel to a line drawn through the center or axis of the ring. In a radial squeeze the ring is compressed between the internal diameter (ID) and overall diameter (OD).
Specifications
Imporant specifications for hollow O-ring include size, material, hardness rating and features.
X-Rings
Rubber X-ring is a torus (donut) shaped seal with a clover shaped cross section. Because of the clover design, the X-ring has a lower coefficient of friction and has multiple sealing surfaces on each side increasing its sealing ability and reduces the amount of force needed to seal and so extends the life of the seal. X-Rings are interchangeable with O-rings especially where lower coefficient of friction values are required.
X-Ring Advantages
The design of an X-Ring eliminates the effect the flash lines has on its sealing ability. In an O-Ring flash lines are on the outer and inner diameter, which are sealing surfaces. Excessive flash can effect the ability of the sealing surface to provide a tight seal. On an X-Ring flash is not an issue.
The grooves on the sides of the X-Ring can retain lubricant, lowering friction and extending the life for the seal. Also, the X-Ring’s clover leaf design provides 2 sealing surfaces per side as opposed to one sealing surface per side on an O- ring. With the multi-sealing seal points on one ring, less compression is needed to obtain an effective seal. Less friction and wear will ultimately increase service life and reduce downtime.

All-rubber V-rings

Rubber V-ring is used for rotating shafts in an extremely wide range of applications. The V-ring can be used alone to protect a wide assortment of bearing types from contaminants while reliably retaining the lubricant. They are also often used as secondary seals to protect primary seals in highly contaminated environments.

V-rings are installed on shafts and their thin, tapered lip seals against a counterface perpendicular to the shaft. V-rings have an interference fit on the shaft, rotate with it and act as flingers. Angular misalignment of the shaft relative to the counterface can be tolerated. V-rings provide reliable sealing even if the shaft is out-of-round or rotates eccentrically. The amount by which the shaft can be displaced axially is governed by the permissible displacement of the V-ring relative to its counterface.
V-rings are made entirely of elastomers without fabric or metal reinforcement and are therefore easy to install. They can be stretched and, depending on size, pushed over other components like flanges, pulleys or even housings. This is a very valuable feature, especially when replacing a seal.



Four Reasons to Use Air Hoses Instead of Hydraulics
In the manufacturing world you might ask when or why should I use air hose instead of hydraulic hose?Pneumatics follow the same power movement principle as hydraulics except it involves the movement of gases instead of fluids.While pneumatics and hydraulics each have their ideal places in a wide range of industrial operations, there are times when it’s beneficial to use air hoses to meet your needs.
Four Reasons to Use Air Hoses
1. Clean power: Pneumatics is cleaner than hydraulics.If there’s a leak, only air isreleased instead of slick fluids which are dangerous and hard to clean.
2. Easy Set-up: It is normally easier to set-up because many industrial facilities already provide compressed air.
3.Long Term Investment: Pneumatic equipment might be more expensive overall than hydraulic equipment, but generally it requires less maintenance and has a longer operating lifespan.
4.Speed:Although air hoses aren’t made for high pressure applications, they provide for rapid movement operations.They are designed with speed in mind, not strength.
The real-world applications for air hoses are seemingly beyond measure as they can be used in all forms of industrial automation.Air hoses can supply power to cylinders and vacuum pumps as well as funnel compressed air to jackhammers, staplers and impact tools.They can even be used to provide vehicle functionality for mobile equipment and can also be used in areas of agriculture, mining and drilling.Having been designed for age, weather, and oil resistance, this type of hose is suitable to transport air in multiple workplace environments and conditions.
High Quality Of PTFE Rod From Tenglong Sealing
PTFE Rodhas excellent resistance to most chemicals and solvents and is capable of operating at high and low temperatures. It also has a very low coefficient of friction and is commonly used in food contact applications. It provides good thermal stability and has good electrical properties, but is not suitable for wear application and is difficult to bond.

Applications:
Slide bearings, insulators and rollers.

Key Features:
Temperature: -200°C to +260°C.
Very good sliding properties and anti-adhesive.
Excellent resistance to chemicals and UV.
Outstanding resistance to low and high temperatures.
Food approved.

Standards:
Complies with EC No. 1953/2004 and EC No. 10/2011for plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food.
Complies with FDA food regulations21 CFR 177.1550 and FDA 21 CFR 175.300.
Offers a class UL94 V-0 flammability rating, meaning the polymer will self-extinguish after removal of flame.

Network cameras (a.k.a IP cameras) are gaining popularity rapidly among consumers due to their ever-improving quality, features and declining prices. An HD network camera that normally cost over $300 in 2012 can be bought under $60 in 2021. Traditional typical users of network cameras are enterprises that have professionals for installation and maintenance. Many consumers choose the DIY approach to set up their cameras. This article is meant to help these users. It by no means can replace the help from professionals that is needed for a variety of reasons – complexity of a video surveillance system, user lacking required basic computer/network knowledge, demanded expedition…
There are literally thousands of models of network cameras in use. It is impossible to have a set of instructions fitting every model perfectly. We use a popular model (M1034-W) by the network camera inventor – Axis – in this article. The setup steps for the vast majority of other network cameras are either identical or very similar to the ones described here.
A word about ONVIF?. Detailed explanation about ONVIF is beyond the scope of this article. An average user may only need to know that ONVIF is an international standard. An ONVIF conformant camera offers the maximum compatibility and interoperability with many software and hardware on the market. Generally speaking, ONVIF conformant cameras have more features and better quality than traditional non-ONVIF network cameras.
You can find numerous ONVIF conformant models on any popular online stores such as Amazon or eBay
For this article, we assume the reader has very basic computer and network knowledge. Technically savvy users may find many parts are too rudimentary for them.
Network configuration
Network cameras are different from web cams and analog CCTV cameras. Web cams are connected to computers by USB cables. Analogy CCTV cameras are connected to servers by coax cables. Network cameras are connected to a network for access just like computers are connected to networks. Each network camera is actually a computer with a CPU and memory. I process images from CCD (Charge-coupled Device) or CMOS (Complementary Metal-oxide Semiconductor) sensors, send to clients (e.g. apps) and hosts a web server.
Configure Apps
Most users want to access their network cameras outside their LANs (e.g. outside their homes). The next section will explain how to access the cameras via Wide Area Network (WAN) (e.g. via cellular connections). Unless you are experienced with the camera and its configuration, it is extremely important to make sure the camera works on your LAN first. This is because the WAN access will never work if the LAN access does not work. If it works on your LAN, it will be very easy to diagnose any issues with the WAN access.
Many apps have automated the setup process to a great degree, and it usually takes less than 1 minute to set up a camera before starting enjoying its video.
The following is for setting up a camera with apps Onvier for Android, and IP CENTCOM for Windows 8.1/10 and Windows Phone.
What is a Video Codec?
A small article about how the video codec work and why this software is very important for the modern media industry.
Background: the idea for this article was born out of a discussion with my friends about media software: how it works and why it’s important. After that, I understood that what’s really needed is a short, simple article about it. So here I’ve explained why we need codecs and given an overview of how they work.
What is the Internet of Things?In the broadest sense, the term IoT encompasses everything connected to the internet, but it is increasingly being used to define objects that "talk" to each other. "Simply, the Internet of Things is made up of devices – from simple sensors to smartphones and wearables – connected together," Matthew Evans, the IoT programme head at techUK, says.By combining these connected devices with automated systems, it is possible to "gather information, analyse it and create an action" to help someone with a particular task, or learn from a process. In reality, this ranges from smart mirrors to beacons in shops and beyond."It's about networks, it's about devices, and it's about data," Caroline Gorski, the head of IoT at Digital Catapult explains. IoT allows devices on closed private internet connections to communicate with others and "the Internet of Things brings those networks together. It gives the opportunity for devices to communicate not only within close silos but across different networking types and creates a much more connected world."Why do connected devices need to share data?An argument has been raised that only because something can be connected to the internet doesn't mean it should be, but each device collects data for a specific purpose that may be useful to a buyer and impact the wider economy.Within industrial applications, sensors on product lines can increase efficiency and cut down on waste. One study estimates 35 per cent of US manufacturers are using data from smart sensors within their set-ups already. US firm Concrete Sensors has created a device that can be inserted into concrete to provide data on the material's condition, for instance.Subscribe to WIRED"IoT offers us opportunity to be more efficient in how we do things, saving us time, money and often emissions in the process," Evans says. It allows companies, governments and public authorities to re-think how they deliver services and produce goods.
"The quality and scope of the data across the Internet of Things generates an opportunity for much more contextualised and responsive interactions with devices to create a potential for change," continued Gorski. It "doesn't stop at a screen".
The latest Internet of Things news
Where does the IoT go next?
Even those who have purchased one of the myriad smart home products – from lightbulbs, switches, to motion sensors – will attest to the fact IoT is in its infancy. Products don't always easily connect to each other and there are significant security issues that need to be addressed.
A report from Samsung says the need to secure every connected device by 2020 is "critical". The firm's Open Economy document says "there is a very clear danger that technology is running ahead of the game". The firm said more than 7.3 billion devices will need to be made secure by their manufacturers before 2020.
“We are looking at a future in which companies will indulge in digital Darwinism, using IoT, AI and machine learning to rapidly evolve in a way we’ve never seen before," Brian Solis, from Altimeter Group, who helped on the research said.
IoT botnets, created using a network of out-of-date devices took large websites and services offline in 2016. A Chinese firm later recalled 4.3 million unsecured connected cameras. The ease of bringing down the internet using IoT devices was revealed when instead of malicious purposes, the botnet was revealed to have been created to game Minecraft.
But aren't there privacy implications?
Everything that's connected to the internet can be hacked, IoT products are no exception to this unwritten rule. Insecure IoT system led to toy manufacturer VTech losing videos and pictures of children using its connected devices.
There's also the issue of surveillance. If every product becomes connected then there's the potential for unbridled observation of users. If a connected fridge tracks food usage and consumption, takeaways could be targeted at hungry people who have no food. If a smartwatch can detect when you're having sex, what is to stop people with that data using it against the watches' wearer.
“In the future, intelligence services might use the [internet of things] for identification, surveillance, monitoring, location tracking, and targeting for recruitment, or to gain access to networks or user credentials,” James Clapper, the US direction or national intelligence said in 2016. Wikileaks later claimed the CIA has been developing security exploits for a connected Samsung TV.
What is Battery-powered 4G Camera?
The 4G camera is the mobile monitoring cameras that use 4G LTE network to deliver live-view and send instant alerts. (Similarly, 2g/3g security cameras refer to the ones that work with 2g/3g network)
As the above definition indicates, 4G cellular CCTV cameras require a separate mobile service plan to work. And the cellular data consumption of 4G IP cameras varies, depending on how often you watch live streaming and receive motion detection alarms, etc.
Reolink Go is one of the best choice for the newly-emerged 4G surveillance cameras.

Rock wool has long been a popular media for growing hydroponic fruits, vegetables and herbs. However, I’m going to make the case against rockwool and argue why you should never use rockwool again because rockwool is harmful.
This post has gotten a lot of attention recently, and as a result is in the process of being updated to include more information. I cite studies and in no way reference any particular company – I am talking about mineral wool as a growing media in this post.
If you want better alternatives to rockwool, please check out my hydroponic media guide.
It’s Not Environmentally Friendly
[/url]
I believe in environmental sustainability – it’s one of the reasons I’ve chosen to grow hydroponically. Rockwool doesn’t score well on the environmental scale. It’s not a natural material. [url=http://www.suntherm-industry.com/]Manufacturers use combine chalk and rock and then heat them up to around 3,000 degrees Fahrenheit. Next a stream of air is blown through it, resulting in extremely thin fibers of the rocky material. As the strings are blown out, they bunch together and form the material that you see for sale at the local hydroponics store.
Basically, they are taking two materials that are 100% natural (chalk and rock) and turning them into a hybrid material that will remain in that form forever. When you throw away your old rockwool it’s going to sit in a landfill looking just like that for a long, LONG time. If you absolutely insist on using it, try to save your rockwool in between your growing season and reuse it.
It’s Not Healthy To Be Around
Not only is rockwool unfriendly to the environment – it’s also potentially harmful to your health. New blocks can contain a lot of dust and loose fibers that can get in your eyes, mouth, skin and lungs. It’s similar to asbestos in the sense that the little fibers can lodge themselves in your lungs if you’re working with it a lot. It may not be as toxic as asbestos, but why take the risk? Not something that I’m willing to gamble with if I don’t have to – there are plenty of other hydroponic media choices! If you’re using rockwool, you should be using a mask, goggles and gloves when you work with it to protect yourself.
Ceramic fibers
Ceramic fiber was designed and developed for applications in which the composite matrix/resin temperature can go, for example, as high as 1000°C in a corrosive and oxidizing environment.
The ceramic fibers are made from precursor fibers or a very thin tungsten-core wire. Materials like boron and silicon carbide vapors are deposited onto a red-hot precursor moving very slowly. Some of the ceramic fibers are large-diameter monofilaments.
The ceramic fibers show high-strength and high-modulus properties in both tension and compression applications. In compression, unidirectional boron composite stress–strain curves are linear to failure (400,000 psi failing stress) and exhibit a modulus of 30 million psi.
Because ceramic fibers have large diameters, prepreg tapes formed from the fibers are usually unidirectional only.
The ceramic fibers are uniquely suited to handle the high-temperature consolidation conditions of titanium and ceramic matrix composites. Only limited quantities of ceramic fibers are manufactured annually but production can be rapidly expanded to meet new demands.
Bio-soluble fiber paper SUNTHERM HB （Bio-soluble） Fiber Paper
is a new develop at the basic of the traditional ceramic fiber, the main components is MgO, CaO, and contains a small amount of organic binder, with integrated fire resistance, heat separation and thermal insulation functions, can be used at higher temperatures filed, bio-soluble fiber can replace part of the traditional ceramic fiber, the use of temperature can reach 1050C, and have excellent eco-friendly performance.
Applications
?Furnace expansion joint filler
?High temperature gasket
?High-temperature insulation backing
?Fire protection facilities
?Molten metal splash protection
?High-end household appliances insulation device
Features
?Easy twisting, shaping and cutting
?Excellent machining performance
?Excellent tensile strength
?Acoustic performance
?Good anti-spalling properties
?Low thermal conductivity, low thermal capacity
?Resistance to wind and erosion, long service life
?Excellent thermal insulation, fire protection,
thermal insulation and acoustic performance
What is Ceramic Fiber Bulk?
Ceramic Fiber Bulk is a high temperature refractory insulation material manufactured from high purity alumina and silica raw materials on computer-controlled furnaces to provide consistent fiber properties. Fibers are lightweight, chemically inert, and have all the positive characteristics of ceramic fiber. Bulk insulation is the perfect solution for insulating intricate spaces, parts, or shape forming for various commercial and industrial applications. Our office currently stocks “spun” ceramic fiber bulk rated for temperatures up to 2300o F and 2600o F. If a different temperature rating or grade is needed, please contact our office directly for a custom quote.
Blown vs Spun vs Chopped Fibers?
In addition to varying temperature grades, Ceramic Fiber bulk is available in blown, spun, or chopped fibers. Blown fiber has the smallest fiber size and is more flexible in comparison to the other grades. Spun fiber is very similar to blown, with the exception of longer fibers and a greater rupture / tensile strength. Spun fiber is still light and airy in appearance and is the most commonly used fiber in applications. Chopped fiber has the largest fiber size and is bulky in appearance. Our office currently stocks spun fiber but if another grade is required, please contact us for a custom quote.

Aluminum Foil Rolling Mill — Produce high-quality foils with high efficiency and low cost
As the requirements for aluminum foil output and quality continue to increase, the requirements for aluminum foil production equipment, such as aluminum strip and foils mill tools, are becoming more and more stringent. Today, rolling mills are required to produce foil products with a thickness of less than 6 microns and a width of more than 2 meters, and the speed should reach more than 2,000 meters per minute. In order to meet these requirements, the aluminum foil rolling mill is equipped with the most advanced high-speed rolling technology, and provides comprehensive process support, so that the rolling mill can be put into production at a record speed, and after changing the rolling mill settings, it can be produced from the first coil. The technical indicators of the qualified products for sale are better than the industry standards.
It’s a well-established question and one that we’ve been too afraid to ask our mothers: Should we use the shiny or the dull side of aluminum foil when we cook? And have we been doing it wrong this entire time?!
Concerned cooks, you can breathe a sigh of relief: As it turns out, there’s no “correct” side of aluminum foil to use when cooking so using it on either side is not one of the cooking mistakes that could ruin your food. According to the Huffington Post, they’re both equally effective at heating your food—so just choose whatever side you prefer.
If there’s no trick to it, then why, exactly, does aluminum foil have a shiny and a dull side in the first place? Experts at Reynold’s Kitchen say that the difference between the two sides is due to a manufacturing process called milling, during which heat and tension is applied to stretch and shape the foil. Two layers of foil are pressed together and milled at the same time, because otherwise, it would break.
“Where the foil is in contact with another layer, that’s the ‘dull’ side,” Reynold’s explains. “The ‘shiny’ side is the side milled without being in contact with another sheet of metal. The performance of the foil is the same, whichever side you use.”
But pay attention if you are using non-stick foil; in that case, there is a difference between the two sides. Since the non-stick coating is only applied to one side, you’ll want to use the dull side. Side note: There will be a label that designates the “non-stick side” in case you forget.
However, aluminum foil could pose a serious risk to your health—so maybe you should stop cooking with it altogether.
Aluminum foil might be one of our favorite inventions ever. Whether we're grilling up some fresh veggies in a neatly-wrapped parcel or folding a leftover slice of pizza to save for later, it's the perfect solution to pretty much any kitchen situation. Seriously, our list of uses for this shiny staple is endless.
We noticed that the handy tool comes with two distinct sides: a shiny, reflective side and a dull, matte side. That got us thinking. Is there a purpose behind the two different textures? Should we be using different sides for certain reasons? Have we been doing everything wrong for years?!
"Regardless of the side, both sides do the same job cooking, freezing and storing food," Mike Mazza, marketing director for Reynolds Wrap, told TODAY Home via email. "It makes no difference which side of the foil you use unless you're using Reynolds Wrap Non-Stick Aluminum Foil."
Non-Stick foil actually has a protective coating on one side, so the company recommends only placing food on the side marked "non-stick" for maximum efficiency.
Aluminum foil, or tin foil, is a paper-thin, shiny sheet of aluminum metal. It’s made by rolling large slabs of aluminum until they are less than 0.2 mm thick.
It’s used industrially for a variety of purposes, including packing, insulation and transportation. It’s also widely available in grocery stores for household use.
At home, people use aluminum foil for food storage, to cover baking surfaces and to wrap foods, such as meats, to prevent them from losing moisture while cooking.
People may also use aluminum foil to wrap and protect more delicate foods, like vegetables, when grilling them.
Lastly, it can be used to line grill trays to keep things tidy and for scrubbing pans or grill grates to remove stubborn stains and residue.
[/url]
Aluminum is one of the most abundant metals on earth.
In its natural state, it is bound to other elements like phosphate and sulfate in soil, rocks and clay.
However, it’s also found in small amounts in the air, water and in your food.
In fact, it’s naturally occurring in most foods, including fruits, vegetables, meats, fish, grains and dairy products.
Some foods, such as tea leaves, mushrooms, spinach and radishes, are also more likely to absorb and accumulate aluminum than other foods.
Additionally, some of the aluminum you eat comes from processed food additives, such as preservatives, coloring agents, anti-caking agents and thickeners.
Note that commercially produced foods containing food additives may contain more aluminum than home-cooked foods.
The actual amount of aluminum present in the food you eat depends largely on the following factors:

• Absorption: How readily a food absorbs and holds on to aluminum
  
  
• Soil: The aluminum content of the soil the food was grown in
  
  
• Packaging: If the food has been packaged and stored in aluminum packaging
  
  
• Additives: Whether the food has had certain additives added during processing