There s no such thing as alchemy—magically changing common chemical elements into rare and valuable ones—but water plating is possibly the next best thing. The idea is to use electricity to coat a relatively mundane metal, such as copper, with a thin layer of another, more precious metal, such as gold or silver. Water plating has lots of other uses, besides making cheap metals look expensive. We can use it to make things rust-resistant, for example, to produce a variety of useful alloys like brass and bronze, and even to make plastic look like metal. How does this amazing process work? Let s take a closer look!

Plastic water plating involves passing an electric current through a solution called an electrolyte. This is done by dipping two terminals called electrodes into the electrolyte and connecting them into a circuit with a battery or other power supply. The electrodes and electrolyte are made from carefully chosen elements or compounds. When the electricity flows through the circuit they make, the electrolyte splits up and some of the metal atoms it contains are deposited in a thin layer on top of one of the electrodes—it becomes electroplated. All kinds of metals can be plated in this way, including gold, silver, tin, zinc, copper, cadmium, chromium, nickel, platinum, and lead.
Water plating is very similar to electrolysis (using electricity to split up a chemical solution), which is the reverse of the process by which batteries produce electric currents. All these things are examples of electrochemistry: chemical reactions caused by or producing electricity that give scientifically or industrially useful plastic water plating products.

How does water plating work?
First, you have to choose the right electrodes and electrolyte by figuring out the chemical reaction or reactions you want to happen when the electric current is switched on. The metal atoms that plate your object come from out of the electrolyte, so if you want to copper plate something you need an electrolyte made from a solution of a copper salt, while for gold plating you need a gold-based electrolyte—and so on.
Next, you have to ensure the electronic products shell plastic water plating you want to plate is completely clean. Otherwise, when metal atoms from the electrolyte are deposited onto it, they won t form a good bond and they may simply rub off again. Generally, cleaning is done by dipping the electrode into a strong acid or alkaline solution or by (briefly) connecting the Water plating circuit in reverse. If the electrode is really clean, atoms from the two-color material plating bond to it effectively by joining very strongly onto the outside edges of its crystalline structure.

Now we re ready for the main part of two-color material twice molding water plating. We need two electrodes made from different conducting materials, an electrolyte, and an electricity supply. Generally, one of the electrodes is made from the metal we re trying to plate and the electrolyte is a solution of a salt of the same metal. So, for example, if we re copper plating some brass, we need a copper electrode, a brass electrode, and a solution of a copper-based compound such as copper sulfate solution. Metals such as gold and silver don t easily dissolve so have to be made into solutions using strong and dangerously unpleasant cyanide-based chemicals. The electrode that will be plated is generally made from a cheaper metal or a nonmetal coated with a conducting material such as graphite. Either way, it has to conduct electricity or no electric current will flow and no plating will occur.

How are plastics electroplated?
If you know anything about plastic, you ll spot the obvious problem straightaway: plastic product molding generally don t conduct electricity. In theory, that should completely rule out electroplating; in practice, it simply means we have to give our plastic an extra treatment to make it electrically conducting before we start. There are several different steps involved. First, the plastic surface treatment has to be scrupulously cleaned to remove things like dust, dirt, grease, and surface marks. Next, it s etched with acid and treated with a catalyst (a chemical reaction accelerator) to make sure that a coating will stick to its surface. Then it s dipped in a bath of copper or nickel (copper is more common) to give it a very thin coating of electrically conducting metal (less than a micron, 1μm, or one thousandth of a millimeter thick). Once that s done, it can be electroplated just like a metal. Depending on how much wear and tear the plated part has to withstand, the coating can be anything from about 10–30 microns thick.

We are one of the global leaders in the field of integrated membrane solutions, providing complete membrane solutions for water, wastewater and process treatment and applications, such as reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration and microfiltration. Our membrane-based solutions are currently used in various applications on seven continents around the world, such as seawater desalination, industrial high-purity water, surface water treatment, wastewater treatment, special process applications, etc.
Residential membranes are manufactured using advanced RO membrane technology. These membranes are available in five variants, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 500 gallons per day (GPD). These membranes can repel salt and other minerals while reducing the flow problems normally associated with membranes.

Hydranautics is a worldwide supplier of separation membrane technology with a comprehensive list of top-performing filtration products for various industries. Applications of Hydranautics RO membrane include boiler feedwater treatment, wastewater treatment, seawater desalination, surface water treatment, drinking water purification, agricultural water treatment, and pharmaceutical water purification.
Hydranautic membrane products are designed with the goal of delivering unmatched quality in terms of product and technical mastery. They are depended upon by several large manufacturing sites throughout the world in countries such as USA, China, Canada, Japan, Mexico, etc.

Proponents of water filters say the water is cleaner and healthier, with impurities removed and minerals added. Replace water filter and alkaline water companies also advertise a laundry list of claims, from improved gastrointestinal health to detoxification and even cancer prevention.

Water filter housings are casings around your filter cartridge that directs the flow of water. In this article, we will take a look at some of the most frequently asked questions about our water filter housings.
They come in a wide range of types. Mainly water filter housings are of two types. However, there can be subcategories based on size, material, and purpose.
RO membrane housings will filter your water right where you use it. For example, an individual tap or faucet. So the systems cover filters under the sink, filters attached to your faucets, or filtration pitchers. The housings for POU water systems serve this purpose
Water filter clear housings, especially whole housing systems, offer a versatile large capacity filtration. Since they are geared towards high flow, they can remove heavy sediments easily. By installing large water filter housings, you can reduce the number of vessels needed for high-flow applications. It can also withstand variations in water pressure. The large cartridge capacity will be very helpful for you.

Reverse Osmosis works by using a high pressure RO pump to increase the pressure on the salt side of the RO and force the water across the semi-permeable RO membrane, leaving almost all (around 95% to 99%) of dissolved salts behind in the reject stream. The amount of pressure required depends on the salt concentration of the feed water. The more concentrated the feed water, the more pressure is required to overcome the osmotic pressure.

Compact wheel loaders generally lag behind skid steer loaders, even though compact wheel loaders are more productive in certain applications. Compact wheel loaders can be a good complement or substitute for skid steer loaders. Benefits include excellent visibility, improved tire wear and fuel economy, driving speed and overall operator comfort. There are also some disadvantages that need to be considered, such as the height of the cab, operating weight and transport capacity. The versatility of the wheel loader is very important.

The definition of a compact wheel loader varies from manufacturer to manufacturer, but machines with less than 125 horsepower usually fall into this category. The real difference between these loaders and their main competitors skid steer and compact track loaders is the higher rated working load capacity, significantly higher travel speeds, superior lift and reach distances, longer wheelbases and more High fuel efficiency.

Due to the characteristics of steering machinery, compact articulated medium wheel loaders work well on hard surfaces because of low tire wear. Compared with similar slip diverters, they also burn less fuel. Between tires and fuel, your end result is reduced daily operating costs.

Visibility on the job site is a safety advantage. From the operator station of the large wheel loader, your field of view is much less than any skid steering system claims. Speed is also an important advantage when working on a site with a large number of ground shots. When comparing compact wheel loaders, there are many configurations and options that can really distinguish performance. Investigate all options before making a choice.

The modern backhoe-loader traces its lineage to a hydraulic digging attachment developed in the late 1940s. Lee Horton and Dave Willens, co-authors of Wain-Roy and the Invention of the Backhoe conducted extensive research into the history of this machine and the associated patents. Look for future designs to provide more car-style functions. With the popularity of backhoe loaders among owners/operators and the platform most similar to the trucks these people travel to and from the site every day, you will continue to see the impact of cars on the cabs and controls of these machines. This includes everything from seat and fabric options to the inclusion of Bluetooth radios and related functions, as well as a constant focus on visibility and site awareness.

Excavators can be divided into many types, such as crawler excavator, wheeled excavator and towed and rail excavator, etc. But they all consist of a boom, dipper, bucket and cab. The crawler excavator is a tracked vehicle that moves upon crawler tracks. In contrast, the wheel excavator is moved upon wheels. They both can be used in many working conditions, such as the digging of the trenches, holes; material handling, forestry work, demolition.

Powered industrial trucks, more commonly known as forklifts trucks, are the worker bees in many manufacturing and warehousing operations. Although primarily used to move materials, they also can be used to raise, lower or remove large objects or a number of smaller objects on pallets or in boxes, crates or other containers. In other words, they do the heavy lifting for us.
Powered industrial trucks can either be ridden by the operator or controlled by a walking operator, and there are many types of powered industrial trucks. Each type presents different operating hazards. For example, a sit-down, counterbalanced high-lift rider truck is more likely than a motorized hand truck to be involved in a falling load accident because the sit-down rider truck can lift a load much higher than a hand truck.

Hey y’all, in keeping with this month’s theme of what’s underneath? today we’re going to talk about types of elastic. Being confronted with a wall of elastic or hundreds of online choices can be intimidating for a beginner, so today’s post is meant to demystify those choices.


Types of Elastic
There are three basic types of elastic: braided, woven and knitted. These refer to how the yarns are put together, and the different methods of construction give the resulting elastics different properties.

Braided Elastic
Elastic braided tape has lengthwise, parallel ridges. Those ridges make this elastic have more grip but they also mean that braided elastic tends to narrow as it is stretched. Braided elastic also rolls more easily than woven or knitted elastics, and tends to lose stretch if it is sewn through. For this reason braided elastic rope is typically recommended for use in casings, not for sewing directly to fabric. But in some casings (like waists) braided elastic isn’t the best choice because of its tendency toward rolling. It’s better in sleeves, necklines, or other areas where rolling isn’t a big issue.

Knitted Elastic
Knitted elastic tape is made by knitting the fibers together. Knitted elastic tends to be softer than braided or woven elastic, and it retains its width when stretched. It also works well even when pierced by needles, so it’s a good choice for sew on applications. It rolls more than woven elastic, but less than braided elastic. Since this elastic is softer, it’s suitable for light to midweight fabrics, but doesn’t have the grip needed for heavier fabrics. With knit elastic, I may cut the elastic slightly shorter than the finished measurement in order to have it grip properly, particularly when I use it for waistbands or bra bands.


Woven Elastic
Also referred to as non-roll elastic, woven elastic tape is usually the firmest of the three basic elastic types. It retains width as it is stretched, and is suitable for sew on applications as well as use in casings. Because it tends to be very firm, it is also suitable for heavier weight fabrics. I generally don’t cut woven elastic with much negative ease, because it will pull too much. In other words, if I’m using it in a waistband, I’ll cut the elastic to the body measurement where the waist hits, not any less.

The zipper is such a great invention no dressmaker can ever imagine what life in the sewing room would be like without the zipper. Then of course the famous zipper needs a useful foot to ensure it sews up perfectly. That’s where the zipper foot makes its entrance. If you are going to sew a zipper into your garment don’t attempt this process without a zipper foot. The zipper foot enables the sewing needle to stitch close to the raised edge of the zipper. The gadget itself can be attached to the machine’s presser foot shaft. The zipper foot has the added advantage of being able to attach to the right or the left side of the presser foot holder. Use your zipper foot to insert piping as well as cording.

There are two types of sewing pins. The most commonly used is the straight pin, also know as the hemming pin or basting pin. The key facets of straight pins that differ and can help you choose the type you need are length, thickness, and type of head and tip. The metal or finish of the straight pin is typically brass, steel, nickel, or a combination thereof. The metal used with sewing pins determines whether the pins will stick to a magnet - a plus for making sure there are none on the floor. Nickel plating is useful for steel pins as it helps the pin stick to a magnet and prevents it from rusting.

A crochet hook is the basic tool you'll need to get started on your journey as you learn to crochet. Made from metal, plastic or wood with a small hook at one end, crochet hooks are used to turn a lovely skein of yarn into cosy jumpers, snuggly blankets and beautiful home accessories. All crochet hooks have similar basic features, in the same way knitting needles do, but different brands may modify them slightly for extra comfort or a more eye-catching design.

Using a weighted grade calculator allows you to find out you grade at the moment. It helps you to know what types of scores you need on future assignments in order to pass the course or retain a certain grade point average.

Key questions to Ask before buy a wire Cutting and Stripping Machine

    A lot of time and effort often goes into finding the right equipment for your facility. Purchasing a new

automatic cutting machine is no different. With so

many options, where does one start? Asking these five questions during the decision-making process will help ensure you end

up with equipment that fits all of your needs.



   



    Will my new cutting and stripping machine be flexible enough to process all of my current and future applications?


    Unless you will be running the same few jobs day in and day out, you’ll want a machine that is as flexible as possible.

It is best to focus on the extreme ends of the application range in regards to wire and cable size. For example, if the

largest wire you currently process is 10 AWG, determine if there is a chance you will need to process 8 AWG or larger wires

in the future. You should also determine if there is a chance you will require advanced features like a multi-blade cutter

head (for processing multi-conductor cable jackets and inner conductors) or a rotary incision unit to make radial incisions

through the various cable-layers when processing coaxial and other multi-layer cables. Being prepared for future needs will

allow you to get the most out of your purchase.


   



    How long will changeovers take and are tools required?


    Most modern cutting and stripping machines are fully programmable, however, there are always several job specific

mechanical parts (guide tubes, blades, etc.) that have to be changed between jobs. Changeover times can be minimized if these

changes can be accomplished without requiring tools. The smaller your batch size, the more frequent your changeovers will be.

A  wire stripping machine with shorter changeover times

will provide a quicker ROI and continue to pay dividends over the life of the machine.


   



    What is a realistic production rate that I can expect with my new cutting and stripping machine?


    When comparing datasheets for several different wire cutting and stripping machines, you will sometimes see a specification listed for Maximum Transport

Speed. A high maximum transport speed does not always correlate to a high production rate, unless you are running longer

lengths. The cutting axis and other machine specifications all contribute to the machine cycle time, so it is better to focus

on the Maximum Production Rate listed for each wire length and application. It is always best to send wire or cable samples

to the machine manufacturer before purchasing to get realistic production rates for your specific application.


   



    What pre- and post-processing accessories are available for my new cut and strip machine?


    Keep in mind that typical entry level cut and strip machines cannot be integrated with a full range of pre- and post-

processing accessories. Determine what additional operations you’ll need and whether the manufacturer of the cut and strip

machine offers fully integrated accessories for those operations. Typical operations include hotstamp or inkjet marking,

coiling and stacking to name a few.


    Another of the most basic accessories is a prefeeder. They are available in many different sizes and styles. The most

basic models feed wire and cable directly by pulling it through motorized belts or rollers. The more advanced

automatic wire prefeeder drives the cable reel

directly, which is gentler on the wire or cable being fed. The most advanced models also feature a motorized reel lift and

full enclosure for maximum safety. Make sure to specify a prefeeder that matches or exceeds the maximum acceleration and feed

rates of your new cut and strip machine.


   



    In the world of wire processing equipment, terminal

crimping machines are like offensive linemen on a football team. They’re the unsung heroes that perform in the

trenches out of the limelight. Applicators don’t get the same buzz and attention as laser wire marking or stripping

machines, just like linemen are often overlooked in favor of quarterbacks or running backs.


    Crimping presses haven’t changed much in recent years. But the tooling—that’s another story. Today, there are

terminal crimping applicators equipped with RFID

chips that store and relay setup and maintenance information. There are flexible applicators with multiple feed options.

There are applicators with built-in cameras to aid setup. There’s even an applicator made from composite material.


    Applicators are used to ensure quality and consistency in wire processing applications. They eliminate many problems that

can arise from manual placement since terminals are automatically fed into position. Machine termination also ensures a

complete cycle. In addition, crimp quality monitoring systems can be employed to ensure consistency and identify quality

issues.


    Harness shops usually crimp from hand or lose piece to applicator when they have high capacity. Although all crimping

tools are designed to provide repeatable results, the crimper will produce the best throughput when used on a benchtop

crimping machine. If used on fully

automatic terminal crimping machines, this will be more true.


   



    The automatic wire harness tape

winding machine is used for professional wire harness winding and winding equipment. The tapes include duct tape, PVC

tape, cloth tape, etc., used for marking, fixing and protection, and are widely used in automotive, aerospace, electronics

and other industries.


   



    Fully automatic cable coiling machine is a

new model developed in recent years. In order to meet the requirements of high fficiency and high output, fully automatic

models generally adopt multi-head linkage design. Most domestic manufacturers refer to Taiwan and other places. The design of

the imported machine model adopts the programmable controller as the control core of the equipment, and cooperates with the

manipulator, pneumatic control components and executive accessories to complete the functions of automatic wiring, automatic

foot wrapping, automatic

An old solution to new challenges: The rebirth of the cargo bike

    The cargo electric bicycle, also known as the freight or

utility bike, is enjoying a renaissance and recognition as a cleaner, safer, and more efficient mode of urban freight

delivery and passenger transport. As a human-powered and fuel-free vehicle, this form of active transport could bring even

more benefits to our cities than other disruptive technologies.


    Cargo bikes are proving to be versatile vehicles of change for urban business interests thanks to their economic

viability. They also reduce the need for polluting and noisy delivery electric cargo trucks that contribute to urban gridlock. They make the streets cleaner and safer for

pedestrians and commuting cyclists.


   



   



    The bright electric future ahead, led by bikes


    According to Germany Two-wheel Industry Association (ZIV), in the last year, electrically assisted cargo bikes have

outsold electric cars in Germany with 39,000 sold versus 32,000

electric cars—an impressive when you consider that electric cars have benefited from substantial government subsidies, while

e-bikes received only a small handout. Globally, Deloitte predicts that 300 million e-bikes will be out on the world's

streets by 2023, representing a 50% increase over current numbers. These statistics seem to show that, despite all the

attention around electric and autonomous vehicles, the future of e-mobility may actually be led by bikes. In the next five

years, 40 million electric bikes will be sold worldwide, dwarfing the 12 million electric vehicles that will be hitting the

roads over the same period.


   
We hear regularly that people with disabilities go by taxi transport or mobility scooter to the physiotherapy and sit there

on a stationary bike. Why not visit a friend or take a trip with a (electric) tricycle instead? Because you always have to

cycle yourself, there is always movement. When needed, the cyclist can choose between various degrees of electric pedal

support and cycle more easily. More and more cyclists realize that their independence and mobility increase, and therefore

choose the environmentally friendly electric tricycle.


   



    The electric special vehicle (EV) revolution is

speeding up, but it can only go so far without the necessary infrastructure and technology. As thinking shifts from fossil

fuels to all-electric, visions of a brighter, more optimistic world come into view. The vision is to improve all aspects of

performance and reliability and unlock the possibility of producing a battery solution that matches the performance of

conventional gasoline and diesel vehicles, meeting consumers expectations, helping drive the uptake of hybrid and electric

transport and supporting the Governments Road to Zero strategy—aiming to make road transport emission-free by 2050.


   



    According to our experience, after spending a lot of time studying these two processes in depth, we found that these two

production methods have more in common than differences. Powertrain equipment still provides components for power generation.

The body shop is still making all the panels. In order to make cars, the assembly plant still assembles all these parts

together. In general, there is no real difference. Especially by automating the supply next to the production line, we can

help the assembly line respond to changes. For example, when an electric car production line needs to switch from a large combustion-powered car to an electric car,

we will send the correct components or parts to the point of use. All that is needed is the notification in the advanced

software. Once the system or assembly line supervisor makes these clicks, we will respond and go to the appropriate location

to pull the correct one. The delay is eliminated, and the probability of error occurrence is almost zero.


   



    When we talk about the hollow block making machine

there are some different pictures and ideas of this machine in people’s heads so we need to specify what we exactly mean by

it. A hollow block machine is a machine that produces hollow blocks using pressure and vibration to compress the concrete

mortar into the molds and form the concrete blocks.

Pneumatic actuators are commonly used to convert compressed air pressure (in the form of a cylinder stroke) into an oscillating rotary motion. Like other pneumatic components, they are durable, offer simplicity and high force for their size, and can operate in hazardous environments.
There are two main types of pneumatic rotary actuators: rack and pinion, and vane – both are available in either single or double actuation:

Rack and pinion rotary actuators use a cylinder piston attached to a rack gear. When actuated, the piston and rack move in a linear fashion rotating the pinion gear and output shaft. A double rack unit utilizes two racks on opposite sides of the pinion gear, in effect, doubling the output torque of the unit.

Vane actuators have a cylindrical chamber in which a vane is mounted on a central shaft. Air pressure applied on one side of the vane forces it to rotate until it reaches the end of the stroke. Alternatively, air pressure from the opposite side of the vane drives the shaft in the opposite direction until it reaches the end of stroke. In a single vane style, the rotary motion is typically limited to 280 degrees. In a double vane style, the motion is typically 90 or 100 degrees, offering less rotational range with double the force of the single vane construction. Our Series is an example of a vane actuator available in 9 sizes in single or double vane versions.
Rotary actuators can often be overlooked in the specification process as common pneumatic cylinders are specified with a pivot arm to achieve the necessary rotary motion. However, rotary actuators have the potential to greatly simplify applications because they are self-contained components capable of supporting loads due to the internal bearing sets.
Additionally, there is no need to design and construct external pillow block bearings. Unlike piston rods exposed to airborne contaminants, rotary actuators can reduce maintenance headaches in dirty environments.

A butterfly valve is a quarter-turn rotational motion device that utilizes a rotary disc to allow, obstruct, or control the flow of fluids in a piping system. It features a rotating disc that is situated on the passageway of the flowing media. The disc is rotated and controlled by an external actuating mechanism through the stem attached to it. When the disc is coplanar to the flow cross-sectional area, the flow is fully obstructed. Otherwise, the fluid is fully or partially allowed to pass through the butterfly valve. It takes a 900 turn to fully open a butterfly valve from a closed position, which means the disc should lie perpendicular to the flow cross-sectional area.

Butterfly valves are quarter-turn valves like ball valves and plug valves. They have a fairly simple construction and operation mechanism, and they have a compact size designed to fit two pipe flanges.
They can be operated manually or by an automatic actuating mechanism that is integrated into the process control system of the pipeline. They are ideal for on-and-off applications, but their applications to flow throttling are limited.
There are several types and designs of butterfly valves available, rated in varying temperatures, pressures, and flow rates to suit the needs of pipeline systems handling liquids and gases.

A limit switch box is an electromechanical device operated by a physical force applied to it by an object. Limit switches are used to detect the presence or absence of an object. These switches were originally used to define the limit of travel of an object, and as a result, they were named Limit Switch.

A solenoid valve is an electrically controlled valve. The valve features a solenoid, which is an electric coil with a movable ferromagnetic core (plunger) in its center. In the rest position, the plunger closes off a small orifice. An electric current through the coil creates a magnetic field. The magnetic field exerts an upwards force on the plunger opening the orifice. This is the basic principle that is used to open and close solenoid valves.

There are several features of a filter regulator, all as important as the last. The point of an airline filter, regulator, lubricator is to ensure that every component or process is receiving a clean and lubricated supply of compressed air. But, this must also be done at the correct pressure to achieve peak performance. It is stated that every 2-psi increase in operating pressure adds an additional 1% to compression energy cost. Therefore, unregulated or incorrect pressure settings can result in increased compressed air demand and consequently high energy consumption. This excess of pressure can also create equipment wear, causing a rise in maintenance costs and a limited application lifespan. Air filter regulators maximize longevity and reliability, making them an essential component of many applications.

There are a few different types of valve positioners available. Depending on the type of positioner, it either uses air or electricity to move the actuator. Let’s discuss some of the popular options. Pneumatic positioners receive pneumatic signals (usually 3-15 psig). The positioner then supplies the valve actuator with the correct air pressure to move the valve to the required position. Pneumatic positioners are intrinsically safe and can provide a large amount of force to close a valve. Electric valve positioners receive electric (usually 4-20 mA) signals. They perform the same function as pneumatic positioners do, but use electricity instead of air pressure as an input signal. There are three electric actuation types: single-phase and three-phase alternating current (AC), and direct current (DC) voltage. Electric-pneumatic valve positionerss convert current control signals to equivalent pneumatic signals. It uses a mix of both electricity and air, as implied by the name.

The focus on EV charging infrastructure is timely. Two things historically have stood in the way of mass market adoption of EVs: vehicle economics and charging infrastructure availability. However, with steadily decreasing battery costs and a continually growing EV market, many experts in China see charging infrastructure, rather than vehicle economics, as the bottleneck to continued strong growth in EV adoption.

Owning an EV gives you access to much more than just a greener lifestyle. With bidirectional EV charging, you can actually make money from your EV, among other exciting benefits. Have you heard of bidirectional EV chargers and are thinking of buying one for your EV but still not really sure what they do? This is a common issue for many EV owners approaching the charging world. You try looking for some information online and before you know it, you’re lost in a sea of technical buzzwords, seven hyperlinks deep into a Wikipedia search that started with bidirectional EV charging and somehow ended with Jennifer Lopez. This article is your lighthouse: it will give you some background on what bidirectional EV charging means and how it works. We’ll then spell out the concrete benefits it can bring you as an EV owner.

What is Bidirectional Charging and How Does it Work?
Bidirectional EV charging is exactly what it sounds like: EV charging that goes two ways. Whilst with unidirectional (one-way) EV chargers, electricity flows from the electric grid into the electric vehicle, with bidirectional (two-way) EV chargers, electricity can flow both ways.
But how does this work? Well, when an EV is charged, AC (alternating current) electricity from the grid is converted to DC (direct current) electricity, the kind that can be used by a car. This conversion is carried out by either the car’s own converter or a converter located in the AC wallbox EV charger. Then, when you want to use that energy stored in the EV’s battery for a house or send it back to the grid, the DC electricity used in the car logically has to be converted back to AC electricity. Although currently there aren’t many bidirectional EV chargers out there, all contain internal converters. This means that they can handle the electrical conversion back from DC to AC. The DC EV charger can even control the amount of power supplied to and from the battery.
Owning an EV is already significantly cheaper than owning one of their fossil-fuel-guzzling rivals. Canadian academic, Ingrid Malmgren, estimates a total saving of around €5000 over the lifetime of a vehicle. With a bidirectional AC integrated EV charger, instead of a unidirectional one, you can save even more if you live in a country where energy costs vary during the day. For instance, in some countries, like Spain, if you charge your vehicle during the night when electrical demand is low, you will pay less for electricity than during the day’s peak hours.
We believe that our M3p series EV wallbox charger is far more cost-effective than similar products in the market with its superior quality and reasonable price.

Every electric car comes standard with a portable EV charger. (This thick cable that plugs into a wall outlet and the car counts as a charger.) However, every manufacturer provides a different unit, with varying levels of charging capabilities. In some cases, the same manufacturer provides different standard charging equipment depending on which of its EV offerings you purchase or lease.

It is a factory that converts the heat energy generated by the combustion of solid, liquid or gas fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas into kinetic energy to produce electric energy. According to the category of fuel, it can be divided into coal-fired thermal power plant, oil-fired thermal power plant and gas-fired thermal power plant. According to function, it can be divided into power plant and thermal power plant. The power plant only produces and supplies electric energy to users; The thermal power plant not only produces and supplies electric energy to users, but also supplies heat energy. According to the service scale, it can be divided into regional thermal power plants, local thermal power plants and train power plants. Regional thermal power plants with large installed capacity are generally built near fuel bases, such as large coal mines. This kind of power plant is also called pithead power plant, and its electric energy is supplied to users through long-distance transmission lines. Turnkey construction of mini CHPs are mostly built in load centers, and fuel needs to be transported in for a long distance. The power produced by them is supplied to more concentrated users.
In 1875, the thermal power plant of Paris North Railway Station in France was built to generate electricity, using a very small DC motor for nearby lighting. This is the first thermal power plant in the world. Subsequently, small thermal power plants were built in the United States, Russia and Britain. In the late 1880s, with the growth of industrial and domestic power consumption, the United States built the first AC power plant in 1886. In 1888, British C.A. Parsons successfully developed the first 75kW steam turbine generator with high and low pressure cylinders and installed it in flowbanks power plant in Britain. In 1891, Parsons manufactured the first generator set with condenser for Cambridge electric lamp company in England, with a capacity of 100kW and greatly improved thermal efficiency. In 1882, China built a thermal power plant with a 12KW DC generator in Shanghai. On July 26 of that year, it officially generated power for power supply and lighting.
The main characteristics of generator for thermal power plants are a short construction period, low project cost, fast investment recovery and flexible site selection compared with hydropower stations with the same capacity. The main disadvantage of thermal power plant is that it pollutes the environment to a certain extent. The environmental protection measures taken mainly include: the use of high-efficiency electrostatic precipitator and desulfurization measures, the comprehensive utilization of fly ash, and the use of circulating cooling to protect water sources.

The hydroelectric power plants form a huge static water potential energy storage, a large amount of water flows through the turbine and rotates the generator to generate electricity. The world's largest hydropower dam, China's Three Gorges Dam, generates up to 22500 megawatts of electricity. This means that the dam can generate enough electricity to power more than 18 million households (based on the average energy consumption rate in the United States). Hydropower stations account for nearly 6.7% of the world's total power generation.
The hydroelectric power plant is the largest renewable energy in the world. With the construction of new hydropower dams and tidal power stations and the improvement of system efficiency, the impact of hydropower generation is becoming greater and greater. Hydrodynamic modeling is also improving and manufacturing tolerances are shrinking, bringing hydro turbine for hydroelectric power plant efficiency close to 100%. The development of gearbox manufacturing, lubricant material science and manufacturing tolerance will continue to improve efficiency, while stronger magnet magnetism, higher wire efficiency and better control system can also improve efficiency. As long as there is water flow and drop, hydropower will become a valuable choice for sustainable energy.

Wind power generation is a kind of renewable clean energy. With the continuous breakthrough in wind power technology in China, all kinds of domestic wind power equipment are becoming larger and larger, the power is becoming higher and higher, and wind farms are becoming more and more common. How does wind power generate electricity and what electricity does it generate? The principle of wind power generation is very simple. The wind turbine is used to convert wind energy into mechanical energy, and then the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy through the generator!
There are two kinds of common wind turbines, one is a horizontal axis fan, the other is vertical axis fan! Most of the fans we see are horizontal axis, that is, the rotation plane of the three blades is perpendicular to the wind direction. Driven by the wind, the rotating blades drive the shaft, and then drive the generator through the speed increasing mechanism! The vertical axis fan has an advantage over the horizontal axis fan. The horizontal axis fan needs to adjust the blade and wind direction vertically, but the vertical axis fan is omnidirectional. Unless the wind direction comes from above, it does not need to adjust the angle. However, it also has a fatal disadvantage. The wind energy utilization rate of the vertical axis fan is very low, only 40%, and some types of vertical axis fans have no starting ability, Starting device needs to be added!

Great changes are taking place in the global energy market. By the middle of this century, the proportion of electricity in total energy will more than double and climb to 45%, of which the renewable energy dominated by solar photovoltaic will play an important role. At the same time, coal-fired power generation, which currently accounts for a large proportion, will be replaced on a large scale. The reason is very simple, the cost is reduced!
The significant decrease in cost will increase the proportion of solar photovoltaic power generation from 1% in 2016 to 40% in 2050, a full increase of 65 times, and solar photovoltaic is expected to become the only largest power supply source in the world within 20 years. In particular, large-scale photovoltaic power plants are expected to grow exponentially in the next 20 years, which is very different from the prediction of the International Energy Agency (IEA) unchanged from the present .

Biomass and waste account for about two-thirds of the world's major renewable energy production. Biomass is a kind of renewable energy, including anything from agricultural waste to forestry waste. Biomass has been used as fuel for tens of thousands of years; Now, people have found ways to convert biomass into heat and electricity. These methods are used everywhere, from home heating to commercial power plants.
Biomass power plants generate electricity and heat by burning biomass in boilers. The most common types of boilers are hot water boilers and steam boilers. Residues, sawdust, natural gas and other biomass are used in boilers. Add water to the boiler and heat it under pressure to high temperature to produce steam. The steam drives the turbine, which is connected to the generator.