Intelligent Mining Technology for an Underground Metal Mine Based on Unmanned Equipment
This article presents facts and figures on mining equipment safety and reviews various important aspects of mining equipment safety including quarry accidents, electrical accidents, equipment fires, maintenance-related mining accidents, causes of mining equipment accidents and major ignition sources for mining equipment fires. A number of methods considered useful for performing mining equipment safety analysis are also presented. Useful strategies to reduce mining equipment fires and injuries, guidelines to improve electrical safety in the mining industry, and human-factor-related tips for safer mining equipment are discussed.

This article analyzes the current research status and development trend of intelligent technologies for underground metal mines in China, where such technologies are under development for use to develop mineral resources in a safe, efficient, and environmentally friendly manner. We analyze and summarize the research status of underground metal mining technology at home and abroad, including some specific examples of equipment, technology, and applications. We introduce the latest equipment and technologies with independent intellectual property rights for unmanned mining, including intelligent and unmanned control technologies for rock-drilling jumbos, down-the-hole (DTH) drills, underground scrapers, underground mining trucks, and underground charging vehicles. Three basic platforms are used for intelligent and unmanned mining: the positioning and navigation platform, information-acquisition and communication platform, and scheduling and control platform. Unmanned equipment was tested in the Fankou Lead-Zinc Mine in China, and industrial tests on the basic platforms of intelligent and unmanned mining were carried out in the mine. The experiment focused on the intelligent scraper, which can achieve autonomous intelligent driving by relying on a wireless communication system, location and navigation system, and data-acquisition system. These industrial experiments indicate that the technology is feasible. The results show that unmanned mining can promote mining technology in China to an intelligent level and can enhance the core competitive ability of China’s mining industry.

With the world’s rapid economic development, the demand for mineral resources is increasing. It has been forecast that the depth of more than 33% of the metal mines in China will reach or exceed 1000 m within the next decade. Deep underground mining will become the trend of metal mining in China [1]. To overcome the disadvantages of traditional mining methods, such as excessive resource consumption, poor operating environments, low production efficiency, high safety risks, high production costs, and severe pollution, it is essential to develop an intelligent mining technology for underground metal mines that provides complete safety, environmental protection, and efficiency [2], [3]. Some developed countries have done a great deal of work in the field of intelligent mining for underground metal mines over many years, and thus have considerable experience in this field. At the beginning of the 21st century, Canada, Finland, Sweden, and other developed countries made plans for intelligent and unmanned mining. At the Stobie Mine, an underground mine belonging to the International Nickel Company of Canada, Ltd. and a typical example of such an automated mine, mobile devices such as scrapers, rock drills, and underground mining trucks are operated remotely and workers can operate the equipment directly from the central control room on the surface [4]. According to the Canadian government’s 2050 long-range plan, Canada intends to transform one of its underground mines in the northern part of the country into an unmanned mine. The plan states that all devices will be controlled from Sudbury via satellite in order to achieve intelligent and unmanned mining. Another intelligent mining program covering 28 topics—including the real-time process control of mining, real-time management of resources, construction of a mine information network, and application of new technology and automatic control—was carried out in Finland. Sweden has developed the Grountecknik 2000 strategic plan for mine automation [5], [6], [7], and veteran mining equipment companies such as Atlas Copco are actively developing a series of unmanned underground gold mining equipment and related control systems that can be used to implement the strategic plan. One of the most famous institutes in unmanned vehicles, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization of Australia, is making great efforts to achieve the intelligent mining of underground mines, with a particular focus on the unmanned control of various types of equipment [8].

Although these developed countries have already invested a considerable amount of time and money into the study of intelligent mining, only a few related studies have been carried out in China, especially in the field of intelligent equipment and platforms. In order to rapidly advance its intelligent mining capabilities, China is supporting many intelligent mining projects, including the Key Technology and Software Development for Digital Mining project and the High-Precision Positioning for Underground Unmanned Mining Equipment and Intelligent Unmanned Scraper Model Research project. In particular, a project titled Intelligent Mining Technology for Underground Metal Mines was established during the 12th Five-Year Plan, in order to promote intelligent mining technology to a certain extent. This article introduces several research achievements and their applications in this project. Trackless mining equipment such as rock-drilling jumbos, down-the-hole (DTH) drills, underground scrapers, underground mining trucks, and underground charging vehicles have been developed using intelligent technologies. Suitable communication techniques, sensors, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, information technology, and computer technology for mining equipment and platforms have been implemented. The experimental results indicate that some of the system’s functionalities are innovative and show good performance.

2. Intelligent mining
Mining is one of the oldest industries in the world. environmental protection equipment techniques have passed through a rapid change from artificial production, mechanized production, and on-site remote-control production, to intelligent and fully automated production. In order to move the mining industry forward, mechanization tools have been developed, single-equipment and independent systems have been automated, and the entire mining production process has been highly automated [9]. By integrating information technology with the industrialization of mining technology, intelligent mining technology has been rapidly developed, based on mechanized and automated mining, as shown in Fig. 1. This has resulted in the gradual upgrading of intelligent processes in mining equipment; unmanned and centralized mining equipment have now entered the stage of practical application, which will significantly advance the automation and information technology used in mining [10].

Integrated communication, sensors, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, information technologies, computer technologies, and unmanned control equipment were combined in order to achieve intelligent mining technologies, as shown in Fig. 2. Such technologies are based on precise, reliable, and accurate decision-making and production process management through real-time monitoring; they allow mine production to be maintained at the optimum level, and lead to improved mining efficiency and economic benefits. In this way, green, safe, and efficient mining can be achieved.
Taking a typical trackless mining technology as an example, intelligent mining technology can be divided into three layers—the control layer, transport layer, and executive layer [11].

As shown in Fig. 3, the executive layer mainly consists of trackless mining equipment such as rock-drilling jumbos, DTH drills, underground scrapers, underground mining trucks, or underground charging vehicles. The transport layer mainly includes a ubiquitous information-acquisition system, wireless communication system, and precise positioning and intelligent navigation system. The control layer is designed as a system-level platform, and is responsible for intelligent mining process scheduling and control. This is the core of the entire system, because all intelligent mining-related functions and control ideas are implemented through this platform. First, a reasonable gold and diamond mining equipment plan is designed by analyzing the reserves of mine resources and geological conditions in combination with the underground production schedule. Next, an intelligent scheduling and control platform is developed. Control instructions for the equipment are sent through the transport layer to a specific piece of equipment in order to perform a mining task at a specific position and time. Within the executive layer, the control layer collects current information on the tunnel and basic information about the vehicle in real time; this information can be used to determine the location of the equipment or adjust it at any time until that entire stage of the mining plan is successfully completed.

Intelligent trackless mining technology is based on intelligent unmanned equipment at the executive layer, such as rock-drilling jumbos, DTH drills, underground scrapers, underground mining trucks, or underground charging vehicles. The functions of intelligent and unmanned diamond mining equipment differ according to the different tasks each piece of equipment must carry out.

3.1. Intelligent rock-drilling jumbo
Rock drilling is the key process in mining, and plays a very important role in productivity, cost, and efficiency. Different geological conditions require different mining methods, and different methods require different types of rock drilling. A hydraulic rock-drilling jumbo is needed for medium-length hole drilling (i.e., depth of 20–30 m, diameter of 60–100 mm) [12]. An intelligent and unmanned rock-drilling jumbo has been designed to support intelligent mining technology and efficiently complete drilling work.

Remote control and a virtual-reality display were the first basic technologies implemented in the unmanned hydraulic rock-drilling jumbo. Fig. 4 shows the initial unmanned control platform for the jumbo on the surface. The virtual prototype display system, including on-site audio and video signals, is well-integrated in order to increase the feeling of immersion while performing remote-control operations.

Furthermore, the rock-drilling jumbo is autonomously controlled and operated in the tunnel under the guidance of a positioning and navigation system. By coordinating the positioning system and altitude control system, the jumbo can achieve autonomous driving to the location from the dispatch layer. This is a major step toward achieving continuous operation without interference. Given the coordinates of the drilling-hole position in the three-dimensional (3D) digital map of the mine, the identification of the stope top and floor and the accurate positioning of the rock-drilling system can be achieved independently. This provides a basis for unmanned operation. The intelligent control flow diagram is shown in Fig. 5.

The rock-drilling parameters are independently adjusted according to the rock conditions. The intelligent rock-drilling jumbo (shown in Fig. 6) is equipped with components for intelligent blockage prevention, rock-characteristic acquisition, and frequency matching; an automatic rod function; and a fully automatic drill-pipe bank. The hole-blasting parameters are specified independently, according to the scheduling system that is used, in order to ensure continuous drilling.

Lovely Homemade Gift Boxes

    When it comes to gifting things to the people we love, we are sure you won’t feel any surprise at all to learn that we’re massive fans of making things ourselves whenever we can. Of course, we also value the thought that goes into store bought gifts, whether we are giving or receiving, but we just get such a great sense of satisfaction watching our friends and family’s faces light up when they open something we made for them ourselves! Sometimes, however, a gift that we purchased rather than something we made is simply the best idea, but that does not mean we can not get crafty with the gifting process in some capacity. Lately, we have been completely obsessed with the idea of making our own gift wrap, particularly when it comes to gift boxes!


    If you are going to go to the trouble of making DIY gift set and homemade gift box, would you rather go all out and make it incredibly special, like something the recipient might want to keep and continue to use? Then we’d absolutely suggest taking a look at how creative ideas made this stunning closing box features layered tiers for different gifts and trinkets. Besides that useful feature, the way they decorated the outside of the box with lace, pearls, and flowers is nothing short of gorgeous! If we received this box, we’d use it as a jewelry box and place it on our dresser.


   



    By now you’ve probably seen one of the most popular trends for coloring hair: hair chalk! From runways and music festivals to Halloween and fun nights out with friends, hair chalk is a go-to for adding a quick dab of color to hair both easily and affordably.


    Hair chalk pen is a stick of color, similar to regular chalk, but is given its color by mixing a variety of ingredients together. While hairstylists and suppliers have their own process of making it, the typical ingredients are mixed with dry pigment, some chalk, and a binder, according to Thaneeya McArdle, a pastel artist at Art Is Fun. While you theoretically could use regular chalk on your hair, it wouldn’t have the same colorful effect or work the same way chalk made specifically for hair works.


   



    Whether it is occupying the kids during school holidays with rock painting or just decorating everyday household possessions, acrylic paint marker pens have huge appeal. In fact, some prefer them over traditional artist acrylic painting using a brush and palette. Why is this so? And what makes a good acrylic paint pen set?


    You will have come across oil-based paint pens if you’ve ever used a pen where you have to vigorously shake the pen so the ball bearing can mix the paint with the oil before use. Being oil solvent based, these markers leave a strong odour and are, therefore, not ideal for (or around) children or for use in poorly ventilated areas. Oil-based markers will take much longer to dry than acrylic ones. Though they can be used on similar surfaces to their acrylic counterparts, oil-based markers will behave slightly differently. The paint tends to sit slightly better on porous surfaces and offers the advantage of not having to be ‘sealed’ (more on this later). That said, on non-porous surfaces, such as paper and card, they are more susceptible to bleeding on the surface.


   



    Acrylic is a favored painting medium for both beginners and professionals alike for its easy setup, quick-drying properties, and malleable nature. Made out of pigments suspended in acrylic polymer, acrylic paint is water-soluble but becomes water-resistant when dry. A highly flexible paint medium, acrylic will provide a crisp, graphic paint edge that can be easily used to create thick paint strokes or thin washes, and it is suitable for use on a wide range of surfaces. Depending on your project ambitions, you will want to consider key factors such as color saturation and selection, permanence and finish, as well as viscosity and malleability. Our picks below will help you find the right acrylic paint set for your needs.


    For beginners looking to hone their acrylic painting skills, this acrylic paint set of two dozen 12-milliliter tubes of paint from Colore is ideal. Providing an excellent selection of colors, this student-grade paint is suitable for use on a wide range of surfaces including canvas, paint, wood, fabric, and rock. Featuring a smooth texture for easy blending, this paint is quick drying and durable, with a glossy finish.


    Liquid chalk sets are small but mighty. They can be used for a wide range of purposes, varying from decoration to personal or even business purposes.

Whether you have a large family or live alone, there is always a magic multicooker to suit every kind of home. It could be a one-person pot, or a big sharing one - these popular Electric Multi Cookers do the cooking for you so you spend less time on great meals.
Not all of us are fortunate enough to be spending these lockdown times with our family or housemates. For those who are alone at home, under quarantine, or simply a healthcare worker living solo to protect their family, cooking for oneself can be a huge chore. Almost the same amount of preparation and cleaning goes into making a solo meal as cooking for two or more people. That is why this portable multi-cooker is an amazing find! Small, portable and easy-to-clean, this multi cooker is perfect for studio flats, tiny rental rooms, or just those without access to a kitchen. A dual cookware system allows you to both fry and boil – so you can whip up an automatic stir fry cooker to pair with a hearty carrot ginger turmeric soup. We love how both the pot and non-stick frying pan can be stacked together and used as a take-away container – ideal for all you hardworking essential services folks who still want to eat home-cooked food. Even the handles can be folded in when not in use, saving you precious storage space. What is more, you can brew a soothing Luo Han Guo Tea in a flat-based teapot (not included) for rainy days. It is definitely one of the best solo multi cookers out there!

It is important to keep your grill clean, but using a wire grill brush can be more dangerous than helpful.
Wire brushes have always been the standard for cleaning grill grates. However, it is been found that the bristles can actually break off and wind up in your food. Consumer Reports even issued a warning against using these brushes a couple of years ago.
Here is what you need to know about wire grill brush danger.

Why a Wire Grill Brush Can Be Dangerous
As you might expect, wire barbecue grill brush bristles are sharp. And one study revealed that between 2002 and 2014, around 1,700 Americans had to go to the emergency room after accidentally ingesting wire bristles. And those were just the reported cases! They can cause severe damage internally, and may even require emergency surgery.
Health Canada even pushed for a new national standard to help stop these incidents from happening.

Wire Grill Brush Alternatives
Luckily, this is a problem with an easy solution, because it is possible to clean your grill tools without a wire brush. There are plenty of other methods that work just as well, if not better.
For people with smaller grills, a giant brush isn’t really necessary. This expert metal grill brush and scrub pad is perfect for quick cleans between uses and really gets the job done.

How to Reduce Wire Grill Brush Danger
If you currently have a wire brush, give it a good once-over. If it has any loose or missing bristles, toss it. It is better to use some aluminum foil on the fly than take a chance with the wire grill cleaning brush. Make sure to double-check your grill as well and to check for stray bristles stuck on the grates.

So you might agree with me that health is the most important concern for everyone. But do you know that most of the fruit and vegetable we consume are contaminated with unknown pathogens, artificial waxes and harmful chemicals which comes from pesticides and negligence manhandling? One good way to reduce the chances of ingesting harmful substances and live a healthier lifestyle is to clean your vegetables and fruits before consuming them. You can achieve this without stress by using an ultrasonic vegetable and fruit cleaner.
The Vegetable Washing Machine is built to be portable, measuring only 4.5 inches. The size makes it perfect to take along when traveling. It helps to take care of your laundry, and that is why it is regarded as the smallest ultrasonic portable washing machine in the world. The device is constructed with medical-grade, high-quality stainless steel which makes it possible to serve you a lifetime.

A USB fan is a small and portable device that's handy for personal, close-proximity cooling. As the name suggests, it's powered through a USB connection, such as the one in your computer, a power adapter that you plug into a wall outlet or a portable battery. Some can be self-powered using an internal battery that you recharge — over USB, of course — and, in turn, some of these models can even be used as a portable battery to add some charge to a phone.
Despite their size, USB portable mini fans can be powerful, and most offer different speed settings. They won't cool down an entire room, but they can keep you comfortable when used at a close distance, such as an office desk or bedside table. Best of all, they are inexpensive.
This small desk fan has three-speed settings — soft, natural wind, and strong wind — to keep you cool. Depending on the speed setting, the 2,200mAh battery provides between three and nine hours on one charge. There's blue backlighting you can use at night and emergency light for when you're in a critical situation.

Some people experience respiratory symptoms in the summer months, when the weather is hot, and the air contains more allergens. Air conditioners and fans can circulate dry air through the room, and air conditioners remove any moisture from the air. A humidifier may be beneficial during this season.
However, people are more likely to benefit from a humidifier in the cold months, when cold air dries out the lungs, nose, and lips. Also, some types of central heating can dry out the air indoors.

Insect repellent maintenance cost is low, and it is easy to use mosquito killer products. All you have to do is plug the mosquito trap into the USB and observe all the annoying and annoying mosquitoes in your area. The mosquito killer has a series of photocatalyst lamps, and the mosquitoes cannot resist and are attracted by the trap. The fan then sucks the mosquitoes inside and prevents them from escaping.

The countertop blender has a pitcher with spinning blades in the bottom that mounts onto a motorized base. More powerful and with more settings than immersion blenders, they can blend, mix, puree, grind, chop and even crush ice. If you cook often with vegetable purees or you love frozen drinks and smoothies, you will definitely want a countertop blender. Their reputation of being difficult to clean is a myth. Which blender you choose depends on your kitchen series needs. If you find that you do not work with frozen or hard ingredients often, the immersion blender is a space-saving gadget that can work in ways a countertop blender can not. Likewise, if you would rather have a larger appliance that can do more, you might prefer to get just a countertop blender.

If you have to sleep with a night light lamp on you might think that blue and white lights might create a calming sensation and help you sleep best. However, a new study involving hamsters suggests that blue light had the worst effects on mood, followed closely by white light.

For years, consumer electronics companies have competed primarily through technology, by cramming ever more features into products in a race to offer consumers the latest and greatest. But this approach can be fruitless. Even in the best of times, many manufacturers struggle to make money: despite falling component costs, intense competition can restrain price increases, and rapid obsolescence often makes it necessary to discount all but the very newest products.

内容：

Sheet metal fabrication is a handy set of manufacturing processes used to create parts from flat pieces of metal. Sheet metal comes in a range of materials and thicknesses, and can be used to create parts like appliances, enclosures, brackets, panels and chassis.
For those new to sheet metal fabrication, the process can seem daunting. Unlike versatile processes such as 3D printing and CNC machining, sheet metal fabrication is dictated by fairly strict design conventions. Sheet metal must be bent and cut in particular ways, and is only suitable for certain parts and products.
As such, it is important to learn some basic principles of sheet metal fabrication before embarking upon a project. Courtesy of rapid prototyping specialist 3ERP, this guide offers five simple tips to improve Sheet Metal Parts, turning ordinary designs into professional-quality sheet metal products.

What is sheet metal fabrication?
Sheet metal fabrication is a set of manufacturing processes that share one common trait: they all use sheet metal — as opposed to blocks, powder or molten metal — as feedstock. Different machines form the sheet metal in different ways: some make holes or incisions in the sheet metal; others bend, stamp or spin the metal to turn it into various shapes.
Using sheet metal fabrication, engineers can create durable, low-cost parts from a wide variety of metals. These stamping parts can be used across a range of industries, from aerospace to medicine to robotics.
The sheet metal used in the manufacturing process is usually between 0.006 and 0.25 inches (0.015 and 0.635 centimeters) thick, with the chosen size dependent on the given material and end-use of the part.

Improving sheet metal parts
Sheet metal fabrication is unique amongst the various manufacturing processes because its feedstock is unlike any other. For this reason, it can be difficult to design sheet metal parts when one is used to designing parts for machining, molding and other common manufacturing processes.
While the best way to ensure high-quality sheet metal parts is to consult and utilize a sheet metal specialist like 3ERP, it is also advantageous to follow certain design principles from the outset. By observing the following five tips, designers can create sheet metal parts that are strong, easy to fabricate and resistant to breakage.

Aluminum casting is a method for producing high tolerance and high-quality casting parts by inserting molten aluminum into a precisely designed and precision-engineered die, mold, or form. It is an efficient process for the production of complex, intricate, detailed parts that exactly match the specifications of the original design.
A positive benefit of aluminum casting parts is the layer of aluminum oxide that forms immediately after the part is removed from the mold, which provides a wall of protection against corrosion and rust.

Thanks to a wide range of machines and materials, CNC machining is capable of creating a vast array of professional parts for use in many industries. However, engineers must be careful to design parts in a way that suits the manufacturing process.
Considering the possibilities and limitations of the CNC machine — whether it’s a mill, a lathe or a high-end 5-axis machining center — leads to better machining parts, even if compromises have to be reached. A part is both enabled and constrained by its manufacturing process.
With that in mind, designing for manufacturability, by following certain design principles, ensures that parts will come out in the best way possible, will not break during machining, will not damage the machine itself, and will be fabricated in an efficient and cost-effective manner.

The CDC continues to monitor the spread of COVID-19 and makes recommendations for wearing face face masks, both for those who are fully vaccinated as well as those who are not fully vaccinated.
The CDC also recommends that masks and physical distancing are required when going to the doctor’s office, hospitals or long-term care facilities, including all Johns Hopkins hospitals, care centers and offices.

Can wear a face mask prevent coronavirus from spreading?
Yes. Although being fully vaccinated greatly reduces your chance of catching or spreading the coronavirus, it doesn’t eliminate it entirely. If you are infected with the coronavirus and do not know it, a protective face mask is very good at keeping your respiratory droplets and particles from infecting others. If you haven’t yet received your COVID-19 vaccine, wearing a mask can also help prevent germs that come from another person’s respiratory droplets from getting into your nose and mouth.
Since the coronavirus can spread through droplets and particles released into the air by speaking, singing, coughing or sneezing, medical face masks are still a good idea in crowded indoor public places that contain a mixture of vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals.
Wearing a mask is still recommended in health care settings and other places where people around you may have risk factors for severe consequences of COVID-19. These include people over age 65 and those living with heart disease, diabetes, obesity, chronic lung disease, immunity problems or cancer.

Do I need to wear a face mask if I currently have COVID-19?
Yes. If you are actively infected with the coronavirus and cannot stay completely away from others in your home, droplets from your nose or mouth could infect another person who has not been vaccinated yet or who has a weakened immune system. Stay away from others as much as possible and wear your disposable face mask around others until your doctor says it’s safe to discontinue wearing it.

Medical gauze is a type of thin medical fabric with a loose open weave used in wound care. Both gauze pads and gauze sponges are made of 100% cotton. They wick vertically to draw exudates out of wounds and are stronger than other types of dressings due to their longer fibers. Our gauze is offered in both sterile and non-sterile forms. For open wounds, it is recommended to use sterile gauze only.

Do I need to bandage a cut or scrape?
You do not need to bandage every cut and scrape. Some heal more quickly when left uncovered to stay dry. But if the cut is on a part of the body that might get dirty or rub against clothes, put on a bandage to protect it. Change the bandage every day or whenever it gets wet or dirty.

Pure absorbent cotton wool has many uses in personal care and medical care. Pure cotton wool is used in a wide variety of nonwovens, such as baby and adult diapers, incontinence products, feminine hygiene pads, disinfection and disinfection wipes. Cotton wool balls are also household items and have a variety of uses, such as cleaning wounds and using skin care products. In health care, you'll see a wide range of applications for pure cotton, including dressings, bandages, and fillers. Cotton wool is also the basic fiber of choice for patients and medical staff in robes, curtains, gloves, masks, tooth rolls, and balls. Cotton wool can be used in all of these products, whether 100% cotton, cotton mixed with other fibers, or fabric composites.

The use of nonwovens in the medical arena goes back to the time of Second World War when need for new and large volumes of the medical products had arisen. In several reports published, nonwovens were regarded as the most effective materials for bacterial barriers. They were also found superior to linens in the reduction of air-borne contamination.
After significant development of non woven products, they were designed in a way to suit the medical needs and give a performance much better than their woven counterparts in terms of cost, effectiveness, disability, etc. In hospitals, cross-contamination is always one of the biggest problems which were attributed largely to re-using of woven gowns, masks and other similar articles which would get contaminated and potentially spread the germs. The advent of nonwovens facilitated the development of a more cost effective alternative that was disposable and reduced the problem of cross-contamination greatly.

Preparedness is a key element of first aid. While every home, auto, and boat should be equipped with a basic emergency kit that includes first aid supplies and a first aid manual, special circumstances may necessitate more advanced or specific degrees of preparation for an emergency.
For example, residents of certain geographic areas where natural disasters (such as hurricanes, earthquakes, tornados, floods, landslides, or tsunamis) may occur should prepare for emergencies by assembling disaster preparedness kits such as earthquake kits, flood kits, and evacuation kits.
Travelers should also prepare to administer first aid in the region they plan to visit. In many developed countries, this may amount to packing standard first aid kits and manuals with your belongings.
Medicines to prevent motion sickness and advanced awareness about the management of traveler's diarrhea are also helpful to travelers.

There are lots of types of wound care dressing, with hundreds of brands offering a range of products – some highly similar to each other. The most basic requirements for a dressing are that it protects against further damage or infection and that it promotes a good healing environment. A good healing environment is one with the right amount of moisture – dry wounds don’t heal as well as moist wounds, but wounds that are too wet can cause skin breakdown around the wound and prevent healing. The absorbency of the dressing, therefore, needs to be chosen based on the assessment of each individual wound.

Medical protective clothing, also known as medical protective suit, disposable protective coverall, or antivirus suit. Medical protective clothing refers to the protective clothing used by medical personnel (doctors, nurses, public health personnel, cleaners, etc.) and people entering a specific health areas (such as patients, hospital visitors, persons entering the infected area, etc.). Medical protective clothing has good moisture permeability and barrier, has the function of resisting the penetration of alcohol, blood, body fluid, air dust particles, and bacterial virus, effectively protect the safety of personnel and keep the environment clean.
Medical protective clothing is a combination of hats, tops, and trousers. There are two kinds of medical protective clothing: isolation gown and protective clothing. The main difference between medical protective clothing and isolation gown is that medical protective clothing is more durable than isolation clothing, the protection grade is higher, the protection performance is better, the protection purpose and the protection principle of them are different.
The common materials used in disposable medical protective clothing are polypropylene textile adhesive fabric, new polyester fiber, polymer coated fabric, SMS nonwovens, polyethylene breathable film/nonwoven composite. At present, most of them use polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) material to make medical protective clothing, PTFE is a kind of high-performance polymer, which cannot only resist water pressure but also discharge water vapor through micropores.
There are many kinds of coatings for protective fabrics, such as PVC, polyethylene and so on. The waterproof, barrier bacteria of this kind of protective clothing is good, it can be reused, but the moisture permeability is poor and uncomfortable. The high-end laminated fabric is PTFE, super waterproof and moisture permeable composite fabric.

Antimicrobial technology adds a durable defense barrier on fabric, which helps fight odor-causing bacteria, mold and mildew. This makes a product with antimicrobial fabric stay fresher longer so you can wear it with confidence. This lasting, continual protection against potentially harmful microbes lasts wash after wash. The antibacterial fabric stays cleaner for longer and in between washings. If a towel stinks less, you will wash it less because it maintains that just laundered feeling. New energy-efficient washing practices do not get fabrics as clean. Adding antimicrobial product protection reduces the growth of odor-causing microbes that remain on your clothes even after washing.

Your clothing doesn’t just look great. It also absorbs or blocks harmful UV radiation and remains one of the most effective forms of protection against sun damage and skin cancer.
What's more, sun protective clothing is the simplest way to stay safe; unlike sunscreen, you never need to reapply!
Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) indicates how much UV radiation (both UVB and UVA) a fabric allows to reach your skin. For example, a UPF 50 fabric blocks 98 percent of the sun’s rays and allows two percent (1/50th) to penetrate, thus reducing your exposure risk significantly. UPF measures the amount of UV radiation that can penetrate fabric and reach your skin. Sun Protection Factor, or SPF, is based on the time it takes for UV-exposed skin to redden; if you burn after 20 minutes, if used correctly, an SPF 15 sunscreen may protect your skin 15 times longer.

The textile industry is considered the most ecologically harmful industry in the world. The eco-problems in textile industry occur during some production processes and are carried forward right to the finished product. In the production process like bleaching and then dyeing, the subsequent fabric makes a toxin that swells into our ecosystem. During the production process controlling pollution is as vital as making a product free from the toxic effect. The utilization of rayon for clothing has added to the fast depleting forests. Petroleum-based products are harmful to the environment. In order to safeguard our environment from these effects, an integrated pollution control approach is needed. Luckily there is an availability of more substitutes.
Hemp, wool, organic cotton, soy silk, bamboo fabrics, jute, corn fiber, etc are considered eco-friendly fabrics due to their availability from nature without any harmful effects of chemicals or toxins. Moreover, as compared to other synthetic fibers they are available at a cheaper rate.

Clothing has been used for protection since time immemorial, shielding the human body from social, physical and emotional threats. The term protective clothing defines everything used for physical protection of the body.

Today, the array of physical threats is endless and so is the availability of protective wear. It can be worn in any situation to provide protection and make the wearer stand against any hazardous condition. Many individuals with injuries or handicaps use protective clothing to prevent further possible damage.

Clothing psychology and comfort have changed the way people look at protective clothing. Consumers are embracing fashionable protective clothing to participate in sports and adventurous activities. They are ready to risk their life trusting advanced protective wear. On the other hand, protective wear are building trust by boosting the consumer's performance.

A shale shaker screen is a vulnerable spare part of a shale shaker. But the shaker screen is very important in the drilling mud recycling system. The shaker screens design and quality determined the separation performance of the shale shaker. Generally speaking, the working environment and the drilling mud contents are the most determining factors to choose a suitable MI-SWACO shaker screen. The other factor is the size of the particle in the drilling mud fluid to be separated. If you know the particle size, so the shaker screen mesh is determined.

What is the shaker screen mesh?
Shaker screen mesh refers to the quantity of holes per square inch. So the Derrick shaker screen mesh has an inverse proportional relation with the hole quantity. That is to say, the larger the shaker screen mesh, the smaller the screen hole size. Commonly speaking, the relation between them is: Mesh x Hole Diameter(micron)=15000
For example, if the shaker screen mesh is 200, then we can estimate that the screen hole diameter is about 75 microns. This is very useful for us to choose the proper shale shaker screen according to the mud fluid contents.
Other shaker screens or you can say shale shaker screens too, are a type of mechanical screen, aim to take solids out or separate solids from drilling fluid (mud). Usually, a composite frame shaker screen is made of stainless steel, polyurethane or composite frame. It is a spare part of a shale shaker and a combined shaker frame by stainless screw and wedge block.
Shale shaker spring is a component that provides a damping effect. The spring quality and feature will help us to get a better process when stopping the shaker. Most of the springs are made of high-quality special spring steel. However, some of the springs or we call it float amount/absorber is made of rubber or combined rubber and steel.

In minerals processing, one of the most important hydrocyclone applications is within closed circuit grinding operations, classifying particles leaving the mill. Incorrect particle classification has a detrimental impact on plant efficiency and can unnecessarily consume circuit capacity.
Feed pellet machines can bring benefits to your poultry farming. Choosing a suitable feed pelletizer machine and using it properly will significantly improve the quality of the feed. It will soon reflect a benign effect in the production process. If you can further master the technology of making animal feed pellets, you can also greatly reduce the cost of materials, thereby increasing profits.

It is agreed upon in the trucking industry that ratchet straps are the most secure way to tie down a heavy load, providing the most strength and security for oversized gear! The best heavy-duty ratchet straps wrap, hook, or clip to your trailer rub rail or D-rings. These tie-down straps tighten using a ratcheting system so you can apply the right amount of pressure over or around your cargo to ensure it will stay firmly in place. Having reliable, high-quality ratchet straps is integral to making sure you deliver your cargo safely and securely!

Are you planning your next overhead lifting project and unsure about the best type of industrial lifing sling to use? Or, maybe you are not getting the service life you would expect out of the slings that you’re currently using? Alloy chain slings, wire rope slings, synthetic slings, and metal mesh slings can all be used to safely and efficiently lift, move, and position a load.
But, choosing the right type of lifting sling is dependent on a complete understanding of the application, the environment it is being used in, and how the sling will be used to support and lift the load. Wire rope is a preferred lifting device for many reasons. Its unique design consists of multiple steel wires that form individual strands laid in a helical pattern around a fiber or steel core. This structure provides strength, flexibility, and the ability to handle bending stresses.

Regardless of the time spent on a roof, the risk of falling is high. Any fall is likely to result in a serious injury. Industrial rope and nets installed below a high-level work area reduce the distance that a worker can fall. They absorb the impact of the fall and provide a soft landing to reduce the likelihood of a person being injured. Safety nets are collective fall arrest systems, not fall restraint systems. That is, they provide passive protection from falls while allowing people to work at height without restricting their movement. A safety rope passes through each mesh around the perimeter of the net and determines the net's overall dimensions.

Packaging fulfills the diverse role of protecting products, preventing spoilage, contamination, extending shelf life, ensuring safe storage thereby helping to make them readily available to consumers. PP woven sack is the best choice for bulk packaging.
PP Woven sacks are worldwide material of choice for bulk packaging of edible commodities for domestic use and exports.

1. PP woven sacks have more advantages than Jute or Paper.
PP woven sacks / FIBC, Jute, Paper bags/boxes are the most widely used packaging systems for Bulk Commodities. Cement, fertilizer and most of the chemicals are already packed woven sacks while Foodgrains and sugar use both woven sacks and jute bags.
Plastics are the material of choice because of the inherent advantages of functional performance and cost benefits. Relative merits with respect to functional requirements for bulk packaging using these three prime packaging materials are summarized below.

2. Printing effect of PP woven sacks has improved.
The function of packaging is to protect it and keep it in ideal form for sales. The appearance of a product is very important regarding its marketing efforts. Packaging has the potential to break or make the success of a product. Protection, attraction, promotion, and differentiation are all categories in that packaging helps enhance a product.
Attraction from the printing effect is very important for packaging because it is what catches the consumer's eye. What colors, designs, and material used is well thought out by marketers. Product packaging has the ability to catch a consumer's eye and based simply on what they see of the packaging make a decision to choose your product over one they normally buy. Promotion on product packaging influences consumer decisions as well. Packaging is what differentiates your colour printing laminated woven bag from the rest. It has the ability to sell your product, thus resulting in great marketing efforts.

3. Case study: PP woven sacks vs. Paper bags in pet food packaging
A majority of pet owners have experienced the convenience of buying pet food in bulk: it means fewer trips to the store and in most cases significant cost savings. But for many people, these benefits are quickly forgotten when they go to lift a bag of pet food, only to have the bag rip and spill all over the floor, while still at the retail location, or even later when they have already purchased the item and transported it home.

The changes have happened so gradually that most consumers have not even noticed, but a tremendous amount of plastics have crept onto supermarket shelves. Shoppers are tossing a lot of plastic food packaging bags into their carts that did not exist when they were kids. Cucumbers sleeved in polyethylene film are now ubiquitous in the produce department, as are sliced fruits in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers and chopped, ready-to-eat salads in polypropylene bags. People do not have to make their own guacamole or hummus anymore—it comes already prepared in convenient polypropylene tubs.

Plastic is ubiquitous. They are the lifeline of food packaging, despite facing protests from environmentalists. Love it or hate it, it is true that no packaging is as flexible, affordable and attractive as plastic. Again, it is important to choose the food packaging bags. Here are some types of plastic and how they go with your food products:
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE or PET) (Code: 1): Lightweight plastic and has great impact-resistant properties. It is safe and easy to recycle. PETE is a popular packaging option for beverages, oil, water, salad dressing, and jam/jelly.

By learning how to make a gift packing bag from wrapping paper, you can design it however you like. This is also perfect for those awkwardly shaped gifts, that no one really knows how to wrap, without making a bit of a mess! With this tutorial, you can use any size of wrapping paper, as long as it is big enough to hold the gift. Surprise your nearest and dearest with a present, presented in its very own personalized gift bag. To take things up a notch, design your own wrapping paper first.

Tensioner Bearings And Kits contain high-quality bearings, pulleys and a sweep, which are all manufactured to guarantee a long service life. If possible, the belts are made of HSN (highly saturated nitrile) because this performs better in the high-temperature areas of today’s engines.
The belt systems of modern vehicles undergo various stress factors e.g. high operating temperatures and a large number of revolutions per minute, high horsepower loads, and narrow pulleys, which are used to save space under the bonnet.
All of our belt tensioner kits display the following functional characteristics: high load transmission capacities, optimized vibration and sound insulation, robust construction, resistance against cracks and wear and tear, high flexibility, working temperature range between - 40° C and +120° C, and a long belt service life. Our belt tensioner kits for belt drives and all accessories are made in accordance with the most up-to-date technology.
Our long-standing partnership with our manufacturers guarantees the highest quality and optimum performance from every single piece of tension equipment in our range.
The deflection pulley is firmly fitted and makes sure the belt closes around the driven pulley correctly. If the belt is driving more than one unit to facilitate auxiliary drive systems, belt tension rollers are used along the entire length in order to guide the belt and ensure constant tension. The profile of these rollers is often characterized by one or more V-shaped ribs. The belt tension unit guarantees that the belt is correctly tensed and guided. The tension can be adjusted upon assembly using an eccentric or a spring which operates on the clamping plate.

A wheel bearing is a crucial part of the wheel assembly that connects the wheel and the axle. It is a set of steel balls (ball bearings) or tapers (tapered bearings), held together by a metal ring. It enables the wheel to rotate smoothly with a minimum of friction. Wheel Bearings And Kits are safety-critical components designed to sustain radial and axial loads caused by gravitation, acceleration, braking and cornering forces, so they need to be replaced when they stop working properly.
Wheel bearing kit has an average lifespan of 136,000 to 160,000 km (approximately 85,000 to 100,000 miles). This is only a rule of thumb though, the actual lifespan of a wheel bearing depends on the quality of the wheel bearing and the operating conditions.
Despite the fact that modern wheel suspension bearings and parts are easier to install than previous generations, correct installation, the usage of appropriate tools and respecting the specified torque values are still essential for maximum performance, durability and safety. Therefore, we recommend having your wheel bearings fitted by a professional mechanic that has the skills and the tools to do the job.

C.V. joints and parts form a vital link between your transmission and your wheels. All front-wheel vehicles contain four CV joints, one at either end of each of the driveshafts running from your transmission to your wheels. Four-wheel drive vehicles also commonly contain CV joints that perform an identical function for the rear wheels.
A C.V. joint kit ensures that torque from your transmission reaches the wheels at a constant speed, regardless of the position of the wheels. In other words, CV joints must maintain constant rotating force during turns, while also accounting for the natural up and down movement of your suspension.
Two common types of CV joints exist ball joints and tripod joints. Most cars use a combination of the two joint types. The outer joint, which connects the driveshaft to the wheel, uses a ball joint. The inner joints, which connect the driveshaft to the transmission, usually use tripod joints.

If you’re driving a vehicle with a manual transmission, then you need to operate the clutch and know how it works. In layman's terms, the clutch is the link between the wheels and the engine of your vehicle. It gives you the ability to disengage the engine when you step down on the clutch pedal. This will cause the vehicle to roll and turn no matter what speed you’re going. You will typically want to disengage the clutch when you stop and need to make a turn. The engine will continue to turn, even though the wheels have stopped. When you go to drive again, you will engage the clutch and give engine power back to the wheels.
The clutch release bearing is what makes the whole clutch process work. It is responsible for allowing the clutch to engage the engine and disengage the engine. The clutch bearings and parts ride on the clutch spring and connect the gearbox release mechanism to the pressure plate. After you press down on the clutch pedal, the clutch release bearing causes the pressure plate to engage the clutch disc. If you take your foot off the clutch pedal, the pressure plate disengages the clutch disc.