Lotion pumps are used in a wide variety of liquid products – we’re talking about soaps, body wash, hand creams, and the likes. Products with lotion pump dispensers are more noticeable and preferable by consumers, and why wouldn’t they? Lotion pumps are incredibly convenient to use, plus they last long.
If you are thinking of buying a lotion pump dispenser but doesn’t know how to check which is better and which is not, then you bumped in the right article. We’re going to list down six factors that you have to look at to land on the ideal pump closure for your containers. More than that, we made an additional list of six lotion pumps from YEHPAK that you have to check out. So, let’s go!
See our checklist that you need to weigh in when deciding which variety of lotion pump to buy.
Material Composition
The material composition of the lotion pump will determine the durability of the equipment. Aside from the commonly used polypropylene (PP) plastic, there are quite a lot of varieties you can select from, such as ceramic, steel, and glass materials.
Before you opt for a lotion pump dispenser, you must first evaluate where do you plan to use it. Will it be for personal use? For commercial use? Or for business consumption? If it is for private or household access, then ceramic or steel type would be excellent for aesthetics and longevity. If it is for commercial use, steel is preferable for durability. Last but not least, if it is for business, then plastic and glass type is your best option since they are lightweight and cost-efficient.
Neck Size
It is essential to know what is the precision of the neck size you are looking for. Some variables include 20/410, 20/415, 24/410, and 24/415 – and these sizes can almost match to various bottleneck sizes. Through this, you can create a perfect bottle–dispenser match, while trying your selected pump into different bottles of your product.
Tube Length
You also have to check the tube length. Note that the plastic tube used inside the container can be cut to the ideal size of the chamber. Besides, the diameter of the tube will depend on the thickness of the liquid inside the bottle. So choose wisely. 
Pump Dosage
0.5ml,0.12ml, 0.28ml, 1.4ml, and 2.0ml are just some of the popular dosing amount variables. Choosing your airless pump bottles dose will rely on product specifications, expected usage, cost of the product, or bottle capacity.
Color
Since dispensing pumps are typically made of plastic in the manufacturing process, it would be effortless to add color along the process. This can be arranged easily if a client prefers dispensing pump customization in bulk. Frequently, they can also be colored with an aluminum sheath, which gives a compelling look and defines a luxury edge of a particular product. 
Price
Every person in business knows that quality is essential, so if you opt for a good quality product, then you better be prepared to pay more. However, if the type of quality is none of your concern, then you can always choose for an economical pump dispenser – as long as it provides its purpose, then you won’t have a problem.
We have good news! If you are looking for a durable and excellent quality lotion pump, then you have to see YEHPAK’s bestsellers. What’s more, is that they’re offered at reasonable prices. Check them all out!
This white lotion pump has a 24/410 neck size, a discharge rate of 2cc, and a tube length of 90mm. This selection is ideal for liquid soap products and other house cleaning materials for ease of access
This lotion pump is open for product customization, depending on your style and color preference. You can choose from 24/410, 28/400, 28/410, and 28/415 neck sizes. This selection is best used for liquid soap, body wash, and lotions.
This lotion pump is available at 4 neck sizes – 24/410, 28/400, 28/410, and 28/415. You can opt for nail polish remover push pump dispenser customization with a discharge rate of 2cc. Also, you can select metallic colors, which is best for cosmetic items.  
This smooth black lotion pump is available in a wide range of neck sizes. You may choose from 20/410, 24/410, 24/415, 28/400, 28/410, and 28/415. Note that the dispenser is accessible for a discharge rate of 2cc – applicable to any bottled items.
Our smooth lotion pump dispenser is available at any color and ready for brand customization. You may select from 24/410, 28/400, 28/410, and 28/415 neck sizes. This selection has a discharge rate of 2cc and can be used for body wash, liquid soap, cleaning agents, cosmetics, and more.
Our nail polish pump dispenser is available in a wide range of neck sizes. You may choose from 20/410, 24/410, 24/415, 28/400, 28/410, and 28/415. Note that the dispenser is accessible for a discharge rate of 2cc, and is best used for body wash, liquid soap, and shampoo packaging
Plastic lotion pumps, one of the most popular dispensing methods for viscous (thick liquid) products in the personal care and beauty industry, come in all shapes and sizes. When used as designed, pumps dispense the right amount of product time after time. But have you ever wondered what goes in a lotion pump to makes it work? While there are hundreds of different designs in the market today, the basic principle is the same, and Packaging Crash Course took apart one of these lotion pumps to give you an overview of these components, and how they contribute to the overall functionality of pumping the product from the bottle to your hand.
Generally speaking, a lotion pump consists of the following components :
Actuator : An actuator, or the pump head, is what the consumer presses down to pump the product out of the container. The actuator is often made of PP plastic and can have many different designs - and often come with a up-lock or down-lock features to prevent accidental output,. This is one of the component designs that can set one pump apart from another when it comes to the exterior design, it is also the part where ergonomics play a role in consumer satisfaction.
Closure : The component that screws the entire assembly onto the neck finish of the bottle. It is identified with the common neck finish destination such as 28-410, 33-400. Often made of PP plastic, it is often designed with a rib side or smooth side surface. In certain cases a shiny metal overshell can be installed to give the lotion pump a high-end, elegant look.
A lotion pump acts much like a air suction device that draws the product from the bottle to the consumer's hand despite the law of gravity telling it do the opposite. When the consumer presses down on the actuator, the piston moves to compress the spring and the upward air pressure draws the ball upwards, along with the product inside, into the dip tube and subsequently the chamber. As the user releases the actuator, the spring returns the piston and actuator into it's up position, and the ball is returned to it's resting position, sealing the chamber and preventing the liquid product from flowing back down into the bottle. This initial cycle is called "priming". When the user presses down on the actuator again, the product that is already in the chamber will be drawn from the chamber, through the stem and actuator, and dispense out of the pump and onto the consumer's hand. If the pump has a bigger chamber (common for high output pumps), it may require additional priming before the product will be dispensed through the actuator.
Lotion Pump Output
The output of a plastic foam pump is often measured in cc (or ml). Commonly in the range of 0.5 to 4cc, with some larger pumps with bigger chambers and longer piston / spring components having output up to 8cc. Many manufacturers have multiple output options for each of their lotion pump offerings, giving the product marketer full control of dosage. For more information about pump output, please see our other Quick Question Monday article here.
To see a catalog list of the lotion pumps that O.Berk has to offer, please feel free to click here. If you have more questions about lotion pumps in general, please don't hesitate to contact us directly here.
Choosing the right fluid dispensing pump for a given application is critical. Whether it’s accuracy and precision or the need to perform for millions of cycles, understanding the most suitable types of pumps available is the first step. This article describes several pumps commonly used for medical manufacturing applications. It examines their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, it discusses how to maximize accuracy by minimizing fluid slip, an important factor in the design of any positive displacement pump. It also looks at the importance of testing the fluid prior to determining what pump is best for the application.
There are essentially two types of drive systems that control fluid delivery using positive displacement. Linear drive systems and rotary drive systems. Positive displacement pumping refers to a pump that retracts in a cavity to generate volume on the suction side and extends into the cavity displacing the fluid on the discharge. This is a constant for each cycle. Both linear and rotary positive displacement pumps provide exceptional accuracy and precision. However, each method has its’ advantages and disadvantages.
Calibration. In a rotary application, the volume of displacement is a factor of the pump angle relative to the motor axis. Once the volume is calibrated, the pump module can be locked into position. The displacement is adjustable so it should be checked to confirm that calibration is still within specification. In a linear application, mechanical calibration is not required. The pump module is set in a static location, and volume is determined by how far the piston retracts in the cavity. There is no mechanical set point to change volume; only software is used to adjust this parameter.
Cycle Time. Rotary pumps can produce faster dispenses because the rotary valving motion and linear displacement motion are performed simultaneously. A single cycle is controlled by one revolution of the motor. Multiple revolutions will produce larger volumes based on the pumps fixed volume. Cycle time and the ability to produce a more constant flow rate (based on pump revolutions) are the rotary pumps’ strengths. The dispense profile of a rotary pump includes pulsations which are due to the sinusoidal waveform. This offers the unique advantage of firing off small volumes of fluid very quickly. An example of a rotary application would be dispensing microliter range dots of fluid onto a substrate passing through a high-speed automation system.
By contrast, a linear pump must retract from the suction port to draw fluid into the chamber valve to the discharge port, and then eject the fluid. In general, larger volumes require more time, depending on pump size. The linear dispense creates a flat dispense profile with no pulsation throughout the entire chamber capacity of the pump module. If more volume or a longer dispense is required, two pumps may be run out of phase so that one pump is discharging while the other is on the intake stroke. An example of a linear application would be dispensing a constant line over a distance, such as a diagnostic reagent, or precisely filling a substrate with slow absorption rates. Continuous web applications are ideal for this tandem approach.

An international group of scientists from India and Russia has created edible food transparent films for packaging fruits, vegetables, poultry, meat, and seafood. Films consist of natural ingredients, they are safe for health and the environment. In addition, films are water-soluble and dissolve by almost 90% in 24 hours. Description of the research and results of experiments are published in the Journal of Food Engineering.
"We have created three types of food super clear films based on the well-known naturally occurring seaweed biopolymer sodium alginate," said Rammohan Aluru, senior researcher Organic synthesis laboratory at Ural Federal University and co-author of the paper. "Its molecules have film-forming properties. Sodium alginate is an auspicious carbohydrate macromolecule that has the potential film-forming properties upon hydrolysis and abundantly existed in cell walls as a mixture of various salts. The greatest advantage of sodium alginate is that it performs as liquid-gel in an aqueous medium."
Alginate molecules were cross-linked with a natural antioxidant ferulic acid. It makes the film not only strong, but also homogeneous, more rigid, and prolongs the life of the products.
"Food stays fresh longer due to the antioxidant components that slow down the oxidation processes," said Grigory Zyryanov, professor of the Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry at Ural Federal University. "In addition, we can add to the films natural antiviral agents, which will also extend the shelf life of food. Garlic, turmeric, and ginger contain compounds that may prevent the spread of the viruses."
According to the authors, no special equipment for the production of films is required. On an industrial scale, it can be created by food products and films manufacturers.
"It can also be produced at a polymer production plant. The only condition is that it must meet the standards that apply to food production. And if an inexhaustible source of algae the ocean is nearby it will be quite simple to create such films," said Grigory Zyryanov.

A plastic embossed film having a random embossed matte finish is provided. The random embossed matte film may be wound very easily into rolls and the roll contour achieved has superior uniformity. In addition, the film provides relatively equal tape adhesion and gloss properties on both sides which make it especially suitable for use in articles such as disposable diapers or underpads. Another advantageous property that renders it especially suitable for diaper conversion operations is its very low degree of edge curl. The clear embossed film provides a totally different appearance as compared to conventional diaper films in that the overall appearance is a dull matte finish but nonetheless having slight sparkles of brilliance throughout the surface, and it further provides a softer feel.

As the name suggests, decorative film is aesthetically pleasing. This type of window film can serve two purposes: it can make the workplace not as dull, plus it can attract customers from the outside.
Decorative film can come in a number of patterns and colors, as well as opacity (such as gradients), and some places even let you make custom designs. You can include window film in your branding and create something that’s truly unique.
Since you can control the opacity of decorative film, not only can it brighten up your workplace, but it can also be an interesting type of privacy film. So instead of looking at plain window film every day, your employees can enjoy looking at interesting patterns.

Plasticiser (US: plasticizers) have been used for decades to make toys soft, flexible and safe by replacing or protecting sharp edges and avoiding brittleness which could result in a choking hazard. The use of some ortho-phthalates has been restricted in the European Union since December 1999. In 2005 the temporary restrictions were formalised in the Marketing and Use Directive which in turn was incorporated into Annex XVII of REACH. DEHP, DBP and BBP are restricted in all toys and childcare articles based on their reproductive properties. DINP, DIDP and DNOP are restricted in toys and childcare articles which can be placed in the mouth based on ECHA and RAC not being able to exclude a risk (due to mild liver effects seen at high doses in rat studies). The precise restrictions can be found in REACH Annex XVII (Paragraphs 51 and 52).

Wind turbines work on a simple principle: instead of using electricity to make wind—like a fan—vertical wind turbines use wind to make electricity. Wind turns the propeller-like blades of a turbine around a rotor, which spins a generator, which creates electricity.

Wind is a form of solar energy caused by a combination of three concurrent events:
1. The sun unevenly heating the atmosphere
2 .Irregularities of the earth's surface
3. The rotation of the earth. 
Wind flow patterns and speeds vary greatly across the United States and are modified by bodies of water, vegetation, and differences in terrain. Humans use this wind flow, or motion energy, for many purposes: sailing, flying a kite, and even generating electricity.
The terms "wind energy" and "wind power" both describe the process by which the wind is used to generate mechanical power or electricity. This mechanical power can be used for specific tasks (such as grinding grain or pumping water) or a generator can convert this mechanical power into electricity.
A horizontal wind turbine turns wind energy into electricity using the aerodynamic force from the rotor blades, which work like an airplane wing or helicopter rotor blade. When wind flows across the blade, the air pressure on one side of the blade decreases. The difference in air pressure across the two sides of the blade creates both lift and drag. The force of the lift is stronger than the drag and this causes the rotor to spin. The rotor connects to the generator, either directly (if it’s a direct drive turbine) or through a shaft and a series of gears (a gearbox) that speed up the rotation and allow for a physically smaller generator. This translation of aerodynamic force to rotation of a generator creates electricity. 

Permanent magnets have been used to provide the magnetic field in small to medium sized generators for many years. The use of these in large renewable energy (RE)generators may offer performance advantages for future utility-scale generators.
Large (MW sized) permanent magnet generators (PMGs) are mainly found in the wind turbine sector today, but are not confined to this area. PMGs offer a number of advantages to the generator field and are being used in applications from standby plant to hydro generators. The PMG is finding particular application in renewable energy systems, where reduced size and higher efficiency give an advantage. The ability to find application in both low speed and high speed generators is accelerating the use of this type of equipment.

Solar panel connectors are crucial items in the installation of solar generation systems. The connector speeds up the installation and makes it relatively easy by ensuring continuity between cables that connect the modules in the solar array. This allows the current to flow from the solar panel to the solar charge controller, into the solar inverter, and then power every appliance at the home.
The solar cable connector plugged at the end of each wire is the main one responsible for simplifying modular installations for solar systems. By using these connectors, a solar installer can reconfigure the modules when increasing the size of the system, installing modules in parallel or series to achieve the desired array.
Using the right mc4 solar connector is important for the wiring of photovoltaic (PV) modules with other components in the system, especially when using a combiner box for larger systems. In this article, we will dive into the basics of solar connectors, you will learn about the different types of solar connectors, the differences among them, and many other important aspects that you should know.
Photovoltaic wire, also known as PV wire, is a single-conductor wire used to connect the panels of a photovoltaic electric energy system. A solar cable is the interconnection cable used in photovoltaic power generation. Solar cables interconnect solar panels and other electrical components of a photovoltaic system. Solar cables are designed to be ultraviolet resistant and weather resistant.

Retrievable and feedthrough production packers from us provide superior annular sealing solutions for your wells while affording efficient resetting and removal to minimize costs.
A range of retrievable options
Optimize your completion with our high-performance, retrievable production packers, which are designed to be versatile, reusable, and removable for any good application.  
And in your wells that include an intelligent completion system design, our feedthrough retrievable packers allow control lines to be deployed to provide power and communication with equipment lower in the wellbore. 
Removable production packers are also available to provide you the same pressure and temperature ratings as a permanent packer, but with the option of easy removal when required. While these wireline set permanent packers are designed for one-time use, they help minimize your removal costs without the need for milling out.
You get additional versatility by selecting multiple options to set these packers:

• Mechanical, via tension set or compression set
  
  
• Pressure, via hydraulic set or hydrostatic set
  
  
• Wireline
  

• Save rig time and reduce costs. Save time on workovers and milling costs with our production packers that are easily removed from the wellbore for reuse
  
  
• Achieve greater flexibility. Use our retrievable production packers to efficiently access secondary recovery operations, completions, and changes in the production tubing
  
  
• Maintain efficient communication along the wellbore. Monitor conditions in the wellbore below the packer and control equipment like electric submersible pumps with confidence
  

HEATING ELEMENTS
About 5000 to 7000 furnaces for sintering zirconia are produced every year at the moment. The numbers are rising. There are two different heating element types that are installed in the dental furnaces on the market to achieve the extremely high temperatures, usually in excess of 1400°C (2552°F). By far the largest share of the furnaces on the market is built with molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2) heating elements. In some few cases, silicon carbide (SiC) heating elements will be used. These two element types differ in their properties in addition to the entirely different basic materials.
SiC heating elements are usually used up to a temperature of 1530°C (2786°F) as recommended by the furnace manufacturer. A firing cycle will take several hours. MoSi₂ heating elements can be used up to a temperature of 1750°C (3182°F), depending on the quality and furnace type. The maximum application temperature of these heating elements therefore is clearly above that of SiC heating elements. Additionally, the surface load, which means the power (W) that can be emitted per square centimeter (cm2) is more than twice that of SiC, at above 25 W/cm2. This permits much faster heating-up rates, to much higher application temperatures. Heating to 1550°C (2822°F) in less than 15 minutes is possible.
MolyCom®-Hyper 1800 (MoSi2) heating elements that have been used on the international dental market since 2005 have turned out to be much longer-lived than SiC elements in continuous tests and according to the experience of various furnace manufacturers. SiC elements usually need to be replaced after just a few hundred cycles due to the strong change of resistance, which corresponds to a service life of approx. 1-2 years at common use. MolyCom®-Hyper 1800 elements in contrast have been operated for more than 2500 cycles without any failure or need for exchange. Exchange of the defective element is usually sufficient in MoSi2 heating elements. In contrast to this, all parts of the SiC elements must be exchanged in one due to the strongly impaired resistance.

If we additionally compare the chemical analysis of the heating elements, the standard heating elements show a much higher degree of contamination, in particular by iron oxide. No contamination could be measured at use of the MolyCom®-Hyper 1800 elements up to a temperature of 1630°C (2966°F). No contamination was measured for MolyCom®-Hyper 1800 Super Clean elements up to 1680°C (3056°F).
Additionally, a contaminated zirconia sample on the surface was analyzed with a secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). As the analysis shows, increased contents of iron oxide could be documented in the sample up to a depth of 0.15 μm. While the degree of contamination is very low, it has a considerable visual effect. The vapor pressures of many different oxides at the surface temperatures of the MoSi2 heating elements in the furnace were additionally calculated with Fact Sage. 

Among the ceramic materials, silicon nitride ceramics possess good overall performance (e.g., high hardness, high strength, low density, low thermal conductivity, low chemical activity, and high wear resistance), which promotes these applied as rolling bearing, machine tools, sliding bearing in water pumps.

Aluminum titanate has outstanding properties that make it ideally suited for applications involving molten aluminum, including complete resistance to wetting by aluminum alloys, total gas impermeability, and a very low thermal expansion coefficient. This material offers a longer service life and higher reliability when compared to cast iron, calcium silicate or fused silica components. All riser/stalk tubes are 100% leak-down tested, and parts are available with gasketing and ceramic foam filters to provide complete assemblies.

Alumina ceramic is an industrial ceramic that has high hardness, is long wearing, and can only be formed by diamond grinding. It is manufactured from bauxite and can be shaped using injection molding, die pressing, isostatic pressing, slip casting, and extrusion.

Reaction bonded silicon carbide has excellent wear, impact, and chemical resistance. The strength of RBSC is almost 50% greater than that of most nitride bonded silicon carbides. It can be formed into a variety of shapes, including cone and sleeve shapes, as well as more complex engineered pieces designed for equipment involved in the processing of raw materials.

Ceramic fiber paper is a must-have for those who work in the manufacturing industry. It’s a type of the high-temperature insulated paper that’s integral to many manufacturing functions. For one thing, ceramic fiber paper has a huge variety of applications — whether it’s protecting gaskets (like rope gaskets) from high temperatures or providing insulation — and there’s a range of grades and thermal conductivity, depending on what’s needed. If you’re looking to purchase ceramic fiber paper, we’re your best bet — we’ll discuss some of the benefits and applications that you might not have expected out of this material and what you should expect when ordering and handling it. 
One of the major benefits of using ceramic fiber paper is that it has a low thermal conductivity and doesn’t store much heat. It’s also thermal shock resistant and is resistant to most chemicals, which means it has a low corrosion rate. It’s great if you’re looking to die-cut or use automatic stamping and has high dielectric strength as well. 
Another benefit to this type of paper is that it’s lightweight and uniform in its structure, which makes it a great type of insulation. It’s also flexible and fire-resistant! 

Before purchasing a server cabinet or server rack it is import ant to understand the difference between the different products that are available. This will ensure that you purchase exactly what you need.

Server Cabinets
Server Rack Cabinets such as the 42u Server Cabinet are generally nineteen inches wide by industry standards. This products is mostly used to install servers, UPS ES, monitors or similar equipment. Server rack cabinets, for the most part, are twenty-four inches in width, and thirty six inches deep. Some companies offer other measurement options to meet customers’ needs, however. Floor standing network server rack cabinets usually have a perforated front and rear. This feature offers ventilation for the equipment being housed. This is crucial to providing a safe environment for this type of equipment which generates a good deal of heat.

Network Cabinets
Network cabinets or Network Racks are often confused with server cabinets. However, there is a difference. Network cabinets are generally used for the storage of routers, patch panels, switches and a wide variety of networking equipment as well as networking accessories. In most cases a network cabinet will be far shallower than a server rack cabinet, generally measuring in at less than thirty one inches deep. Outdoor network cabinets will sometimes have glass or a strong plastic front door. Network cabinets also generally do not have perforated enclosures. The type of equipment generally housed in network cabinets does not generate the same amount of heat as that housed inside a server rack.
Because one product can not fulfill the needs of all office equipment storage, it may become necessary to do a thorough evaluation of the type of equipment being used, or that will be used, in order to make the most informed purchasing decision. In many cases, office spaces will require the use of both a server rack and a networking cabinet in order to house the various equipment that will be used there.
It is important to note, that improperly housing heat generating equipment is dangerous. This could cause damage to your equipment, or worse could become a fire hazard due to the temperatures which some servers can generate. Good rack dealers will help you decide which product is best for you.

Monitoring can be done either at the incomer of the PDU sockets in terms of the total power being drawn from the whole PDU, or it can be focused on an individual device’s demands from the socket. The latter provides a greater granularity for analysis but not all meters have the same accuracy, it may range from one to five percent, so it is worth investigating into the technical specifications.
PDU electronics also consume power at levels which can be significant, especially in a large scale data centre, given that it can range from as little as six to 60 watts. If intelligent PDUs are installed in a 200 rack data centre with dual PDUs in the rack then their power consumption could be as little as 2.4kW or as much as 24kW.
The switching function allows users to remotely shutdown individual sockets and to ‘hard boot’ any device that is connected to it. It is worth checking which type of switch device (or relay) is within the PDU construction, either monostable or bi-stable. The monostable needs a permanent supply of power to change state and stay there. Bringing it back means removing the power. 
The bi-stable needs to be pulsed with electricity to change state and pulsed again to come back. Bi-stable therefore uses less power than monostable, which can again be significant in terms of the aggregate consumption from a lot of sockets.

The use of UV light as a curing technology has been around for a long time. In the last few years it has become more popular since the technology on the lamps and the materials side has greatly improved. Applications are now on sheetfed, web and wide format inkjet equipment. The major advantages of UV inks are:
1)    Press sheets are dry when they come off the press
2)    Higher throughput speed than Infra-Red drying
3)    No Volatile Organic Compounds released in the air
4)    Resist smudging and abrasion
5)    UV Coatings have a “wet look”
6)    Do not have solvents to penetrate uncoated stocks
Most printers buy UV power supply systems that may be supplied by the manufacturer of the equipment but made by someone else. Understanding how UV lamps work can improve their performance and save you money.
There are series power supply for different applications. Low-pressure UV lamps may be used for disinfecting purposes, curing nails and dental fillings, or water purification. The type of lamp used in printing applications is usually a medium pressure, linear (straight tubes), mercury vapor arc lamp. Medium pressure UV lamps cure inks and coatings instantly. It is a photochemical, not a heat process. It allows the equipment to run at very high speeds for extended periods.
General use light bulbs have a filament. The electricity causes the filament to glow, producing light. Medium pressure UV lamps do not have a filament. They utilize a high voltage charge to ionize a mercury/gas mixture in the lamp creating a plasma that emits UV light. This system requires a high voltage/amperage power supply (typically a magnetic ballast transformer with a high voltage capacitor bank). The ballast is wired in series with the lamp and performs two functions. Initially, the ballast provides a high voltage charge to ‘strike’ or ‘ionize’ the mercury. Then, once the mercury is ionized, the ballast reduces the voltage and amperage required to keep the mercury ionized and emit a stable stream of UV light.
These lamps generate a specific wavelength to cure the inks or coatings. Currently, most of these lamps operate at 300 to 600 watts per inch with some newer systems using lamps that generate up to 1000 watts per inch. So a 30 inch UV bulb may be capable of an output of 30,000 watts. They also operate at very high temperatures (850 to 950 Celsius or 1550 to 1750 Fahrenheit).
This type of UV lamp is made from Quartz. A general glass product would not be able to withstand the high temperatures. An inert gas (usually argon) is pumped into the quartz sleeve and then mercury is added to achieve the proper electrical specification. Iron and gallium are occasionally added to achieve special wavelengths. The tubes are sealed and the correct electrical end-fittings are added to complete the lamp.
These lamps need a powerful cooling system to offset the high operating heat. They are usually air or air and water cooled. They also use reflectors to maximize the ultraviolet light delivered to the substrate. There must be an even flow of air or water across the lamp for proper curing. If lamps run too cool they may not cure the ink or coating. Some systems use outside air for cooling. As the seasons change, depending on your geographic location, you may need to adjust your fan speed or increase/decrease water temperature to maintain proper cooling.
Contamination is another problem that can affect lamp performance. Due to the high heat air contaminants such as spray powder from other presses or dust particles can bake on the lamps creating a haze. This decreases the performance of the lamps. Ideally, even after extended use the quartz should be completely clear.

The xenon searchlight is delivered with a built-in xenon power supply, excluding large and heavy external power supply’s. This design enables easy installation (no external power supply TA values or IP-ratings to be considered) and significant cost savings, by reducing engineering and eliminating these cables and connections:
- Cable between power source and external power supply
- Cable between power supply and searchlight
- Remote signal cable between searchlight and power supply

UV LED systems have a bright future in industrial and life science applications even given the fact that humans can’t see the light. In particular, LEDs in the UV-C band (generally 100–280 nm) promise to revolutionize sterilization and disinfection and could bring safe water to people around the globe and safer conditions to our medical facilities (Fig. 1). LEDs Magazine, in fact, covered a UV LED Curing with 4in1 designed for such an application earlier this year. Still, we hear that such applications need LEDs with higher performance and longer lifetimes to truly penetrate the market. But UV product developers need to rethink LED lifetime as another variable in the engineering process.

If you own a modern home or have plans to own one in the future, you must have heard of vinyl floorings. These affordable and stylish flooring options are increasingly becoming the choice of many homeowners and commercial property owners who want to give their living and working spaces a fresh look. 
There are three main types of vinyl flooring - WPC flooring, LVT flooring and SPC flooring. In terms of market entry, traditional versions of Luxury Vinyl Tile flooring have been in the market for many years. With time, changes in buyer preferences led to the development of advanced flooring solutions that saw rigid core vinyl such as WPC and SPC flooring hit the market.
Even so, each flooring type comes with its own set of benefits and drawbacks that you need to consider before settling for one. Though different, the three flooring types share several similarities.
In this article, we explore the benefits, differences and similarities that SPC Vinyl flooring, LVT and WPC floorings have. 
Before we delve into this, let's first define each of these vinyl floorings:
LVT Flooring
Luxury Vinyl Tile is an updated and innovative version of vinyl flooring that is today a top contender when it comes to floor installations in commercial and living spaces. Designed with a real wood, stone or ceramic look, carpet grain LVT flooring is not just affordable, it is also durable, waterproof and resistant to scratches. 
SPC Flooring
Stone Plastic Composite (SPC flooring), also referred to as Rigid Vinyl Plank, is an upgrade of LVT. SPC vinyl flooring comes with multiple layers and backing options that make it ideal for homes. Some key aspects that make it stand out include low noise levels, no warping, eco-friendliness and insulation against sound and heat. 
WPC Flooring
Wood Plastic Composite (WPC) derives its name from the wood-like material used to make it. These materials include a foaming agent known as polyvinyl chloride, plasticisers, wood flour and calcium carbonate. 
Benefits of LVT, WPC and SPC Flooring
There are numerous benefits that home and commercial property owners derive from using vinyl floorings. These include:
1.Wear Resistance
All three vinyl floorings - WPC, SPC and Luxury Plank Vinyl have a high resistance to wear and tear. This means if you choose to install any of them in your home or commercial entity, you can use them for a long time without seeing signs of wear and tear on them. 
2.Do Not Fade Fast
While WPC, LVT and SPC floorings will eventually fade, they do not do so fast. As a matter of fact, these flooring score moderately when it comes to fade resistance. This is because they have a UV coating treatment that keeps their color from fading fast. This means that once installed, you don't have to worry about your floor losing its shine and color in a few years. With proper maintenance, you can enjoy a great floor appearance for a considerably long time. 
3. 100% waterfroof
When constructing a home or a commercial building, you'll need to put waterproof flooring in rooms. The high moisture resistance feature in LVT, SPC and WPC floor makes them an obvious choice for such spaces. SPC and WPC floor have a core that is completely waterproof. These vinyl click floor can be installed in places like kitchens, bathrooms, basements and laundry rooms where hardwood or moisture sensitive floor types are not recommended. 
4.Easy to Install
Installing WPC, SPC or LVT floor is pretty easy and DIY installation is possible. Since the vinyl planks are easy to attach and lock, they can be installed on any existing floor or subfloor without using glues. 
However, there are places that each floor type works well. For instance, due to their rigid core, SPC vinyl plank flooring are suitable for commercial buildings. On the other hand, WPC floor are most suitable for residential spaces due to their ability to hide floor imperfections. LVT vinyl flooring work well in leveling uneven surfaces while WPC can cover crafts on concrete or wooden floor. 
5.Design Options 
If you decide to fix a WPC, LVT or SPC floor in your commercial or living space, you'll be spoilt for design choices. All the three floor types are available in numerous designs. They are available in just about any pattern and color.
Making them in different designs is easy - all manufacturers have to do is to print patterns on the vinyl layer. Most designs resemble other floor types. For instance, you'll find SPC and WPC floor that have designs similar to stone, tile and hardwood flooring.
6.Easy to Maintain 
All three floor types are pretty easy to clean and maintain. To keep them looking great, all that home or commercial space users have to do is sweep them regularly and clean them occasionally. 
Key Differences and Similarities Between LVT, WPC and SPC Flooring
While they have similarities, WPC, LTV and SPC floorings also have several differences. These include: 
1.Manufacturing Materials
These three vinyl floorings differ in the composition of the materials that are used to make them. SPC flooring is made from polyvinyl chloride, limestone powder and stabilizers. While WPC floorings also contain polyvinyl chloride, the other materials differ from those used in SPC flooring. The limestone powder and stabilizers are replaced by plasticisers, wood flour and calcium carbonate in WPC flooring. 
2.Structural Design
LVT, WPC and SPC are all hybrid flooring. This means they are designed with several layers. However, the layers vary in type from one flooring type to another. For instance, wood grain SPC flooring has a core layer that is made of PVC powder, a stabilizer and calcium powder. On the other hand, LVT Vinyl Flooring have a decor and a wear layer. For the WPC floor, the core area comprises a foaming layer and an LVT layer that has PVC powder, calcium powder and a plasticizer.
The other major structural difference between WPC and LVT or SPC flooring is in the way they have been constructed. LVT Plank flooring have a PVC core while SPC vinyl plank flooring have a rigid core. However, both of them can move and even flex with ease. This is not the case with WPC floorings. Due to the wood-plastic composite material that is used to fix their core, these floorings are more stable and more solid compared to LVT and SPC vinyl flooring.
3.UV Top Coating
The top layer in the all three vinyl floors -SPC, LVT and WPC - are the same. Each of these floor has a UV coating that helps in maintaining their lush appearance by preventing color fading. 
4.Thickness of Floor Planks
Generally, the thickness of the three flooring planks ranges between between 3.2mm and 8mm. However, WPC floor planks are much thicker compared to LVT and SPC floorings. With a thickness that ranges between 3.2 mm and 7mm, SPC Vinyl flooring are not as thick as LVT plank flooring that measure 4mm and WPC flooring that have a minimum thickness of 5mm.  
5.Firmness of Vinyl Planks
When it comes to firmness and cushioning, WPC floor carry the day. The sturdiness of floor vinyl is largely determined by the material that is used to develop its core. Since WPC vinyls have a thicker core than stone grain SPC flooring or stone grain LVT flooring, it is more stable and has a cushioned feel when you walk on it. SPC floor also have a relatively high level of sturdiness, which causes the floor to feel softer. The sturdiness also protects SPC flooring against dents and wear.
6.Floor Plank Insulation
Insulation capabilities vary from one floor type to the other. If you prioritize sound insulation, go for a floor plank that has a thicker core like WPC. Because they do not have thick cores, LVT and SPC flooring perform poorly when it comes to absorbing noise than WPC floor. The thickness absorbs impact sounds, which reduces the noise that the floors produce as you walk on them. 
7.Durability of Vinyl Planks
While all three floor types are designed to last for an extended period of time, their durability varies from one floor type to another. In most instances, durability of vinyl floor is determined by how thick the top wear layer is. 
Even so, SPC floor is not as thick as WPC flooring. However, the former are denser than WPC floor - an aspect that makes them more resistant to damage arising from heavy weight or impacts. Since they do not tear or wear easily, SPC floor become ideal for areas that are prone to high traffic.
8.Cost of Vinyl Planks
Vinyl planks are generally not as expensive as other forms of flooring. However, out of WPC, SPC and LVT flooring, SPC flooring tends to be the most affordable. 
9.Resistance to High Temperature
While LVT, SPC and WPC flooring can be installed in rooms that have high moisture exposure, not all of them can withstand high temperatures. WPC and LVT floor do not work well in spaces that experience high temperature changes. If you have such spaces, carpet grain SPC flooring will perform much better compared to the other two. This is because SPC floor have a denser core that causes them to resist contractions and expansions compared to WPC floors. 
10.Environmental Friendliness
Eco-friendliness of vinyl floors depends on the materials that are used to make them. Since WPC and Wood grain LVT flooring contain plasticiser, a material that is not eco-friendly, they are not considered environmental friendly. SPC flooring do not contain artificial materials like glue and plasticiser. These vinyl floors are therefore considered eco-friendly - which makes them a great choice for pets and kids.

Consumers will now be able to enjoy all their favorite qualities of cashmere without any of the drawbacks of this typically delicate fabric. Active Cashmere is the first performance-based luxury cashmere that is water repellent and durable among other key characteristics that reinvent the way cashmere is worn.
Active Cashmere perfectly blends quality and function by utilizing an innovative fiber treatment process that enhances the cashmere’s natural qualities. Active Cashmere garments are breathable and have a comfortable and soft hand feel. The proprietary process allows the cashmere to be machine washable with no shrinkage, retaining the garment’s initial shape and form, and significantly reducing any chance of pilling, felting, fuzzing, or discoloration on the cashmere. At the same time, the machine washable series is water-resistant: water repels off the garment’s surface eliminating any absorption and wetness that typically would occur with cashmere and maintaining complete dryness on the inside of the garment. Any water on the cashmere is limited to the surface and dries within minutes, whereas traditional cashmere can stay wet for up to an hour causing the immediate odor.
 
The debut Active Cashmere collection launches direct-to-consumer this Fall 2020 via their website and in select retailers for Winter 2020 / 21. The collection ranges between lounge, leisure, and active pieces that are versatile, in addition to core items that serve as all-purpose wardrobe staples. The modern aesthetic and refined design approach combined with superior functionality is set to transform the perception of cashmere in today’s marketplace. Whether worn in an outdoor social setting, for recreational activities, during or post-workout or simply as day-to-day wear, mixed color series provides a solution to our fluid new-age lifestyle.
The pieces range from a sweatshirt-inspired sweater (a new take on a classic crew) to a cropped sweater and sweatpant set, to short sleeve tops and shorts, to midweight and lightweight long sleeves. The majority of the collection utilizes WHOLEGARMENT knit techniques that make the seamless wholegarment series proving both minimalism and comfort. The craftsmanship on the material and knitting construction provides for quality, breathable and long-lasting pieces that can serve our year-round cashmere needs for years to come.

Active Cashmere is founded by DanRoy, a family-owned company deeply rooted in Scottish cashmere heritage with over 60 years of experience in the industry. Together with Todd & Duncan, the world’s largest and finest Scottish cashmere mill, DanRoy is the first company worldwide to infuse this treatment and proprietary process into both the cashmere yarn and knitting process, while maintaining the highest quality and sustainability standards. 
Unlike other chemical processes, the heavy cashmeres series technology lasts for over the life of the garment and the treatments used are non-toxic, non-hazardous, hypo-allergic, and have no ancillary impact on the environment. As industry veterans, DanRoy is a proud member of CCMI, the cashmere organization that sets the global standard for quality. They utilize a fully sustainable supply and production chain, sourcing the highest grade and ethically-sourced raw material, working with manufacturers who recycle their water and reduce water usage, and eliminating fabric waste through WHOLEGARMENT knitting techniques.

Wool fabrics can be classified by their production technology — the worsted and woolen ones. Woolen cashmere series are spun from short fibers, while worsted wool is made from long and fine ones. Compared to woolens, worsted wool fabrics are brushed in two directions with special brushes. Wool yarn differs in quality: it is bulky for woolen fabrics and smooth for worsteds.
Worsted cashmere series are lighter, smoother and more durable, but provide less warmth. However, they are better at keeping off rain. Worsted wool requires more processing (remember, it is made of long staple fibers only), it tends to be more pricey compared to woolens. The most common uses for worsted fabrics are suits and tailored clothes.

Searching for the best home gym equipment for home use? Whether you now prefer working out from home, in your newly-built home gym that is, or you are planning to return to your gym but you want to take your own gear, see below for our top-rated exercise equipment. We're talking everything from yoga blocks to spin bikes and aerobic steppers, for teeny homes, smaller budgets or even if you want to spend a few £££s on the best equipment you can buy right now.
Put that gym membership money into your savings account and get sweaty inside your living room, garage, your bedroom or even a garden (weather-permitting) –  or your new dedicated home gym, of course. Keep scrolling for home gym equipment buys to spend your money on in 2021. You'll see a quick rundown below, where you can click through to buy each product, or scroll further down this page for full reviews.

If you are searching for a budget-friendly and easy to use an exercise bike for home use, then this one should be it. We've been using this exercise bike for quite some time now, five times a week, and we are impressed. Not only is it quite compact to store, but it also has a range of workout programmes so you can mix up your workout routine. That and it has four user settings so more than one person can use the bike in your home, while there are 32 resistance levels to offer a sweaty workout.
When in use
On initial setup, you can set a user programme from one to four and input your gender, age, weight and height so it knows who is using the machine. We've used this spin bike in manual mode and tried every one of the programmes. We prefer the programmes as they give structure to our workout and keep us motivated, and it's even better than you can tailor them to suit your needs. By this, we mean that you can input a time or distance, or the number of calories you'd like to burn, and the programme will run until you reach your goal. You can also set the 'load' which is the starting resistance, based on your fitness level or how hard you want to push yourself. This bike automatically ups the resistance for you, though you can change it at any time by turning the flat button on the console. After your workout is finished, the machine will beep to let you know. From here you can either finish or head to manual mode to cool down.

Practising yoga at home? You can't go wrong with the Yoga items: they feature alignment markers so that you know where your hands and feet should be while posing. It's great for those who usually attend a yoga class and rely on help from their instructor when going from one position to another.

An easy (read: fun) way to get your heart rate up, this one is our pick of the best fitness trampolines you can buy. Fitness trampolines are smaller versions of your classic outdoor trampoline and are otherwise known as a trampette.
When in use
This piece of fitness equipment has been popular for quite a while now, and it's easy to see why: jumping on a fitness trampoline is considered moderate to vigorous-intensity exercise. This device is easy to assemble as you only need to attach the non-slip feet on, it has a solid and stable construction that's ideal for aerobic use AND it's super affordable. Just start bouncing!

If it's a running machine you are after, then the treadmill is our top recommendation. Not only does it feature a cushioned deck for protecting your joints when jogging, sprinting or running, but it features a range of pre-set programmes and adjustable incline for simulating uphill running.
When in use
Boasting easy to use buttons and a seven-inch display, this treadmill allows you to adjust speed and incline settings safely, without the need to look down. You can also use this machine for heart rate training, as well as tracking time, pulse, speed, incline, distance and calories burnt. There are 43 workout programs at different intensities for you to enjoy, and a 15 per cent incline (at 15 levels) to really make you work up a sweat. Use the free tablet holder for watching Netflix while working out, or, Kinomap allows you to run stunning routes from all over the world, inside your home.

If you don't have enough room in your home for a home gym (same) then consider a pull up bar. Use this sturdy bar for pull ups, chin ups and push ups, and then pop it away underneath your bed or sofa after use. 

If you want to have flat and lean abs, then the sit up bench is just best for you. Aside from this, it provides a lot of benefits. Strengthens your core - keep in mind that your core is the area of your hip flexors, abs and lower back. By means of having a stronger core, you will be able to move and lift better. And the sit up exercise bench can especially help you strengthen your core.