What are Defoamers?

    Defoamers are chemical additives that reduce and/or prevent the formation

of foam in industrial process liquids such as paints, inks, adhesives and even construction products. The terms antifoam

agent and defoamer are often used interchangeably, however, antifoam agents more accurately refer to materials that inhibit

the generation and formation of bubbles. Dependent upon the application and performance requirements, they consist of

polydimethylsiloxanes and other silicones, insoluble oils, stearates and glycols, as well as inorganics, such as silicates

and talc.


   



    What is Foam?


    Foam is a coarse dispersion of a gas in a liquid, where the volume fraction of gas is greater than that of the liquid.

The bubbles will migrate to the surface, as their density is less than that of the liquid. As the bubbles coalesce and

collect at the air/surface interface, the bubble walls thin and break. Silicone defoamers accelerate the process and break the smaller bubbles as well. Generally, a defoamer is

insoluble in the foaming medium and has surface-active properties. An essential feature of a

polyether defoamer is the ability to spread rapidly on

foamy surfaces.


    In industrial processes, foams pose serious problems. They cause defects on surface coatings. They prevent the efficient

filling of containers. Some of the sources of foam formation include:


   
       
            Inclusion of air through agitation during production, filling, mixing of two-pack systems (often high-viscosity

(epoxies, adhesives);
       
   
   
       
            Air inclusion on the pigment surface, resulting in poor wetting of pigments;
       
   
   
       
            Application: roller, spraying, brushing;
       
   
   
       
            Filtration through a sieve or anything with air on the surface;
       
   
   
       
            Generation/liberation of gases during chemical curing processes; e.g. polyisocyanates;
       
   
   
       
            Introduction of air through substrate wetting (wood coatings, other highly porous substrates).
       
   


   



    In the papermaking process, fibers, fillers and some additives are not water-insoluble, so they are easy to accumulate in

an aqueous solution. Moreover between the different materials as far as possible from the incompatibility away, so it is

difficult to get uniform performance and ideal strengthen paper. In order to solve the long fiber in the process of this

problem, the use of polyacrylamide has the following advantages:


   
       
            to improve the retention rate of fillers, pigments and so on. To reduce the loss of raw materials and

environmental pollution.
       
   
   
       
            to improve the strength of the paper (including dry and wet strength).
       
   
   
       
            to improve the tear resistance and porosity to improve visual and printing performance.
       
   


    The advantages of using polyacrylamide as a paper dispersant are also manifested in the fact that the product is soluble

in water and forms a high viscosity liquid which promotes good dispersion of papermaking fibers and excellent paper forming

effect at low added levels to improve pulp consistency And the softness of the paper, but also to improve the strength of the

paper performance.


   



    Adipic acid is one of the most commercially important aliphatic

dicarboxylic acids. It is produced on a large scale primarily to supply the nylon 6,6 production chain. Other applications

include the manufacture of coatings, synthetic lubricants, fibers, plastics, plasticizers and polyurethane resins. Adipic

acid production has been predominantly based on cyclohexane and, to a lesser extent, phenol. Shifts in the hydrocarbon market

and growing environmental concerns have resulted in the development of alternative production routes for adipic acid from

renewable resources, such as sugar and fatty acids.


   



    Epoxy propanol (EP), also known as glycidol, is an organic compound used in the manufacture of a range of products, such

as detergents, industrial paints and coatings, and healthcare products. It is primarily manufactured in Japan and, to a much

lesser degree, in the United States. Traditionally, EP is produced by one of two methods: epoxidation of allyl alcohol with

hydrogen peroxide, or the reaction of epichlorohydrin with a caustic

agent. However, allyl alcohol is extremely toxic and epichlorohydrin is made from hydrocarbon feedstocks, such as propylene.

Both methods generate toxic by-products, such as hydrochloric acid, requiring costly purification processes to prevent the

acid residues from entering the environment.

UNDERSTANDING ULTRAVIOLET LED APPLICATIONS AND PRECAUTIONS

    Ultraviolet light occurs between the visible and x-ray spectrums. The Ultraviolet wavelength range is specified as 10 nm

to 400 nm; however, many optoelectronic companies also consider wavelengths as high as 430nm to be in the UV range.

Ultraviolet light gets its name due to the violet color it produces in the visible portion of the spectrum although much of

the output of UV light is not visible to the human eye.


   



    UV LEDs have seen tremendous growth over the past several years. This is

not only the result of technological advances in the manufacturing of solid state UV devices, but the ever increasing demand

for environmentally friendly methods of producing UV light which is currently dominated by mercury lamps. The current

offering of  UV LED modules in the optoelectronics market consists

of product ranging from approximately 265nm – 420nm with a variety of package styles including through-hole, surface mount

and COB (Chip-On-Board). There are many unique applications for UV LED emitters; however, each is greatly dependent on

wavelength and output power. In general, UV light for LEDs can be broken down into 3 general areas. 


   



    The upper UVA type devices have been available since the late 1990s. These LEDs have been traditionally used in

applications such as counterfeit detection or validation (Currency, Driver’s license, Documents etc) and Forensics (Crime

scene investigations) to name a few. The power output requirements for these applications are very low and the actual

wavelengths used are in the 390nm – 420nm range. Lower wavelengths were not available at that time for production use. As a

result of their longevity in the market and the ease of manufacturing, these type LEDs are readily available from a variety

of sources and the least expensive of all UV product. The middle UVA LED

component area has seen the greatest growth over the past several years. The majority of applications in this

wavelength range (approximately 350nm – 390nm) are for UV curing of both commercial and industrial materials such as

adhesives, coatings and inks. LEDs offer significant advantages over traditional curing technologies such as mercury or

fluorescent due to increased efficiency, lower cost of ownership and system miniaturization. The trend to utilizing LEDs for

curing is increasing as the supply chain is continually pushing to adopt LED technology. Although the costs of this

wavelength range is significantly greater than the upper UVA

LED module area, rapid advances in manufacturing as well as increasing volumes are steadily driving down prices.


   



    The lower UVA and upper UVB ranges (approximately 300nm – 350nm) are the most recent introduction to the market place.

These devices offer the potential to be used in a variety of applications including UV curing, biomedical, DNA analysis and

various types of sensing. There is significant overlap in all 3 of the UV spectral ranges; therefore, one must consider not

only what is best for the application, but also what is the most cost-effective solution, since the lower in wavelength,

typically the higher the LED cost. The lower UVB LED and upper UVC

ranges (approximately 250nm – 300nm) is an area that is still very much in its infancy, however, there is great enthusiasm

and demand for this product in air and water purification systems. There are currently only a handful of companies that are

capable of manufacturing UV LEDs in this wavelength range and even a smaller amount that are producing product with

sufficient lifetime, reliability and performance characteristics. 


   



    As a result, the costs of devices in the UVC/B range are still very high and can be cost prohibitive in some

applications. The introduction of the first commercial UVC LED based

disinfection system in 2012 has helped to move the market forward to where many companies are now seriously pursing LED based

products. Precautions A common question regarding ultraviolet LEDs is: Do they pose any safety risks? As described

above, there are different levels of UV light. One of the most commonly used and familiar sources for producing UV output is

the black light bulb. This product has been used for decades to produce a glowing or fluorescence affect on specific types of

posters as well as for other applications such as the authentication of paintings and currency.

COPPER CABLE LUGS FOR SPECIAL APPLICATIONS

    A well known problem for every electrician or cable jointer is trying to insert a stranded or fine stranded conductor

into the cable lug connector or cable splice and some wires

cannot be inserted. To avoid this problem renowned manufacturers offer specialist application connectors and cable lugs for

the jointing and termination of LV MV HV cables.


   




    CABLE LUGS, STRANDINGS  CONDUCTORS


    With these specialist application cable lugs all types of cables can be used – the design and construction of the

copper tubular lugs to be selected is

determined by the cable stranding and conductor type. The cable conductor characteristics of cable types are as classified in

the DIN Standard 57295.


   



    CABLE LUGS FOR FINE  VERY FINE STRANDED CONDUCTORS


    The above mentioned problem of spliced cables per Class 5 and Class 6 according to DIN 57295 is being avoided when using

Klauke “F” type series cable lugs. These lugs are designed for processing larger cross section conductors in voltage

applications up to the short circuit tested rating of the cable lug.


    Compared with standard tubular cable lugs the F type lugs have a larger tube diameter – the cable lugs have a flared

entry which eases cable location into the barrel of the lug. F-type cable lugs and butt connectors conform to the normative

requirements of the EN 13600 standard and are manufactured from electrolytic copper for excellent conductivity.


    For processing and crimping solid conductors (Class 1 DIN VDE 57295) the use of tubular cable lugs E-type is recommended

which are also manufactured from electrolytic tin plated copper. Their tube diameter is matched to the conductor size to

guarantee a professional cable crimp.



   



    Especially for adverse environments and for crimping copper conductors stainless steel and nickel tubular cable lugs have

been designed. Aluminum lugs are particularly

acid and corrosion resistant and are typically used in chemical industries in areas exposed to sea water i.e. the earthing of

masts on sailing yachts.



    An additional benefit of these cable lugs is the temperature resistance. Consequently these lugs can be used in ambient

temperatures up to 400°C.


    At higher temperatures of up to 650°C – common in the construction of furnaces – nickel cable lugs represent the best

solution. Both stainless steel and nickel cable lugs can be used for all common cable types.


   
We offer electrical solutions to our customers. Solutions come from finding what works best for you. By carrying a range of

insulation types, we offer you the chance to build a custom solution. Sure, we could only carry nylon

insulated terminals and nothing else, but maybe you need

vinyl. Maybe you need heat shrink. The point is that by offering you choice, we’re not locking you into a single set of

products. We’re giving you the freedom to make an educated decision based on your particular needs. If you have any

questions about terminals, insulation types, or any other of our products, contact us today.


   



    High-strength composite cable joint clamps are just as

strong as metal clamps, offer significant weight and installation time savings, and exceed expectations when sourced from a

trusted supplier. To identify the best composite cable clamps for harsh-environment and military applications, evaluate the

options in terms of these five key characteristics: performance, weight, ease of use, durability, and reliability.

Plating

    There s no such thing as alchemy—magically changing common chemical elements into rare and valuable ones—but water

plating is possibly the next best thing. The idea is to use electricity to coat a relatively mundane metal, such as copper,

with a thin layer of another, more precious metal, such as gold or silver. Water plating has lots of other uses, besides

making cheap metals look expensive. We can use it to make things rust-resistant, for example, to produce a variety of useful

alloys like brass and bronze, and even to make plastic look like metal. How does this amazing process work? Let s take a

closer look!


   



    Plastic water plating involves passing an electric current

through a solution called an electrolyte. This is done by dipping two terminals called electrodes into the electrolyte and

connecting them into a circuit with a battery or other power supply. The electrodes and electrolyte are made from carefully

chosen elements or compounds. When the electricity flows through the circuit they make, the electrolyte splits up and some of

the metal atoms it contains are deposited in a thin layer on top of one of the electrodes—it becomes electroplated. All

kinds of metals can be plated in this way, including gold, silver, tin, zinc, copper, cadmium, chromium, nickel, platinum,

and lead.


    Water plating is very similar to electrolysis (using electricity to split up a chemical solution), which is the reverse

of the process by which batteries produce electric currents. All these things are examples of electrochemistry: chemical

reactions caused by or producing electricity that give scientifically or industrially useful

plastic water plating products.


   



    How does water plating work?


    First, you have to choose the right electrodes and electrolyte by figuring out the chemical reaction or reactions you

want to happen when the electric current is switched on. The metal atoms that plate your object come from out of the

electrolyte, so if you want to copper plate something you need an electrolyte made from a solution of a copper salt, while

for gold plating you need a gold-based electrolyte—and so on.


    Next, you have to ensure the electronic products shell plastic water plating you want to plate is completely clean. Otherwise, when

metal atoms from the electrolyte are deposited onto it, they won t form a good bond and they may simply rub off again.

Generally, cleaning is done by dipping the electrode into a strong acid or alkaline solution or by (briefly) connecting the

Water plating circuit in reverse. If the electrode is really clean, atoms from the two-color material plating bond to it effectively by joining very strongly onto the outside

edges of its crystalline structure.


   



    Now we re ready for the main part of

two-color material twice molding water plating. We need two electrodes made from different conducting materials, an

electrolyte, and an electricity supply. Generally, one of the electrodes is made from the metal we re trying to plate and the

electrolyte is a solution of a salt of the same metal. So, for example, if we re copper plating some brass, we need a copper

electrode, a brass electrode, and a solution of a copper-based compound such as copper sulfate solution. Metals such as gold

and silver don t easily dissolve so have to be made into solutions using strong and dangerously unpleasant cyanide-based

chemicals. The electrode that will be plated is generally made from a cheaper metal or a nonmetal coated with a conducting

material such as graphite. Either way, it has to conduct electricity or no electric current will flow and no plating will

occur.


   



    How are plastics electroplated?


    If you know anything about plastic, you ll spot the obvious problem straightaway:

plastic product molding generally don t conduct electricity.

In theory, that should completely rule out electroplating; in practice, it simply means we have to give our plastic an extra

treatment to make it electrically conducting before we start. There are several different steps involved. First, the

plastic surface treatment has to be scrupulously cleaned to

remove things like dust, dirt, grease, and surface marks. Next, it s etched with acid and treated with a catalyst (a chemical

reaction accelerator) to make sure that a coating will stick to its surface. Then it s dipped in a bath of copper or nickel

(copper is more common) to give it a very thin coating of electrically conducting metal (less than a micron, 1μm, or one

thousandth of a millimeter thick). Once that s done, it can be electroplated just like a metal. Depending on how much wear

and tear the plated part has to withstand, the coating can be anything from about 10–30 microns thick.

New RO modules from Hydranautics

    We are one of the global leaders in the field of integrated membrane solutions, providing complete membrane solutions for

water, wastewater and process treatment and applications, such as reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration and

microfiltration. Our membrane-based solutions are currently used in various applications on seven continents around the

world, such as seawater desalination, industrial high-purity water, surface water treatment, wastewater treatment, special

process applications, etc.


    Residential membranes are manufactured using advanced RO membrane

technology. These membranes are available in five variants, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 500 gallons per day (GPD). These membranes

can repel salt and other minerals while reducing the flow problems normally associated with membranes.


   



    Hydranautics is a worldwide supplier of separation membrane technology with a comprehensive list of top-performing

filtration products for various industries. Applications of Hydranautics RO membrane include boiler feedwater treatment, wastewater treatment, seawater desalination,

surface water treatment, drinking water purification, agricultural water treatment, and pharmaceutical water purification.


    Hydranautic membrane products are designed with the goal of delivering unmatched quality in terms of product and

technical mastery. They are depended upon by several large manufacturing sites throughout the world in countries such as USA,

China, Canada, Japan, Mexico, etc.


   



    Proponents of water filters say the water is cleaner and healthier, with impurities removed and minerals added.

Replace water filter and alkaline water companies also

advertise a laundry list of claims, from improved gastrointestinal health to detoxification and even cancer prevention.


   



    Water filter housings are casings around your filter

cartridge that directs the flow of water. In this article, we will take a look at some of the most frequently asked questions

about our water filter housings.


    They come in a wide range of types. Mainly water filter housings are of two types. However, there can be subcategories

based on size, material, and purpose.


    RO membrane housings will filter your

water right where you use it. For example, an individual tap or faucet. So the systems cover filters under the sink, filters

attached to your faucets, or filtration pitchers. The housings for POU water systems serve this purpose


    Water filter clear housings, especially

whole housing systems, offer a versatile large capacity filtration. Since they are geared towards high flow, they can remove

heavy sediments easily. By installing large water filter housings, you can reduce the number of vessels needed for high-flow

applications. It can also withstand variations in water pressure. The large cartridge capacity will be very helpful for you.


   



    Reverse Osmosis works by using a high pressure RO pump to increase the

pressure on the salt side of the RO and force the water across the semi-permeable RO membrane, leaving almost all (around 95%

to 99%) of dissolved salts behind in the reject stream. The amount of pressure required depends on the salt concentration of

the feed water. The more concentrated the feed water, the more pressure is required to overcome the osmotic pressure.

SUSTAINABLE PACKAGING IN THE BEAUTY INDUSTRY: THE PROS & CONS OF PLASTIC.

    Plastic is one of the most polarizing topics in sustainability today, and each year continues to reveal more about its

place in the beauty industry. Sustainability is a constantly evolving conversation and the rate at which

cosmetic plastic bottle is produced, used and disposed of has

long outpaced the research, technology and innovation needed to understand the consequences of our actions, making it quite

challenging to gather data that’s specific to cosmetics. Yet, we do know that the volume of plastic which can accumulate

during the process of making a single product is sometimes staggering - if you make cosmetics products for-profit and are

looking to grow, hardly any brand is exempt from the presence of plastic.


   



    In a roadmap for sustainability released by the United Nations Environment Programme in 2018, the executive summary

reads: The benefits of plastic are undeniable. The material is cheap, lightweight and easy to make. These qualities have led

to a boom in the production of plastic over the past century since the 1950s. We are already unable to cope with the amount

of plastic waste we generate unless we rethink the way we manufacture, use and manage plastics. Ultimately, tackling one of

the biggest challenges of our time will require governments to regulate, businesses to innovate and individuals to act.


   



    Let’s admit that plastic has gathered a bad reputation - you might even say it’s been demonized in some cases. To be

clear, there is no denying that waste is a problem, but to blanket shame plastic without context is to miss an opportunity

for a closer look. If you want to dive deeper into all the factors that contribute to plastic waste, take a look at this

hugely informative and fascinating collaboration from Oxford University and the Global Change Data Lab:


    Particularly in 2020, single-use consumption of plastics across multiple industries has seen a massive increase due to

essential sanitary and safety precautions needed to manage the spread of COVID-19. It’s important to note that single-use

plastic lotion bottle is a cornerstone

of essential hygiene measures within the medical industry from masks, gloves, gowns and medical instruments. We doubt that we

will comprehend the waste consequences of single use plastic throughout 2020 for sometime to come.


   



    As a beauty brand this is undeniably a charged conversation to have, as plastic is dotted across our packaging chain and

understanding the trade-offs is key. From health effects, to degradation, to ecosystems impact, plastic could easily be a

whole PhD dissertation, and it is challenging to limit our focus when this material is a global common denominator of modern

consumption. We are attempting to share a simplified perspective on the presence of plastics within the cosmetics industry to

better understand the benefits and pitfalls of this material.


   



    We are interested in the life cycle of plastic packaging in cosmetics - more specifically, the contrast between the

production of plastic, versus the use of plastic, versus the end-of-life for plastic. As PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) is

the most commonly used plastic in cosmetic packaging and for Josh Rosebrook products, we will be focusing on this material to

exemplify the pros and cons of plastic packaging.


   



    Specializing in life cycle assessment (LCA) and solid waste management, a US independent consulting firm, Franklin

Associates, has conducted multiple research studies on PET across various industries. In a 2009 study on the comparison of

beverage containers (very similar to cosmetic containers), Franklin Associates found that the production of a PET bottle was

far more energy efficient when compared to the production of an aluminum can and glass bottle, respectively. The amount of

energy it took to create a PET bottle was 11 million BTU, vs. 16 million BTU for the aluminium can and 26.6 BTU for the glass

bottle. The CO2 equivalent (think greenhouse gas emissions) was 1,125 for the PET bottle, 2,766 for the aluminum can, and

4,848 for the cosmetic glass bottle. When ranking material

production in relation to energy efficiency, plastic is second right after wood, and aluminum and glass are last. There is

conflicting evidence regarding how the world’s oil production contributes to the manufacturing of plastic.


   



    A large majority of finished cosmetic products housed in plastic are multi-use: they are not disposed of after a single

use and the amount of times they are used according to function can range into several hundred uses. Depending on the size

and type, the product could also be kept in use for several weeks to multiple months. It is interesting to note that to bring

a cosmetic product to market, the formula has to undergo a packaging compatibility test - depending on the ingredients and

the function of the product, plastic might be a necessity to safely protect the formula over time and ensure a safe customer

experience. For example, glass liquid bottle

s intended for use in the shower could be troublesome to manage safely.


   



    With the growing importance of appearance for both men and women, there is a huge demand for cosmetics in today’s

market. However, a manufacturer of specialty cosmetics needs to be able to make an impression on the consumer and ensure that

they try the wonderful product first. Additionally, consumers now look for more than a terrific cosmetic, they want it at a

lower price, and are also eco-conscious. Using tube packaging for specialty cosmetics meets multiple requirements of

manufacturers.


    Consumers prefer the convenience that cosmetic tube packaging

provides.  While cosmetic squeeze tubes were

originally used for food products such as jams, jellies, ad mayonnaise, they are now being used by cosmetics manufacturers.

Consumers love the convenience of tube packaging that comes with a variety of heads that makes dispensing cosmetics much

easier. Consumers can easily dispense the right amount of cosmetics they need, reducing wasted products.


   



    We offer glass and cosmetic parts for glass bottle

s, informing you of what format or material is most recommended in each case.


    Glass bottles for oils and vinegar respond to particular characteristics in shape, color and height that can contribute

to creating brand branding alone. In a company, an exclusive design is a guarantee of sales.


    Glass bottles for oils preserve and protect the properties of the oil in order not to spoil its natural conditions,

taking into account that many factors increase the process of oxidation and oil thickening.


    Those skilled in the art recommend glass bottles for opaque oils to protect liquid gold from light, although transparent

glass bottles sell the product better. Ultraviolet rays should be prevented from damaging the oil by protecting the bottle in

cardboard containers.

Are Electric Scooters the Future? How Do They Actually Work?

    If you’re a particular age, then you might have memories of riding a scooter. Those flimsy, two-wheeled scooters that

gave you freedom on the sidewalk in front of your house before your acquisition of a bike opened up the whole neighborhood.


    Until recently, that image of a scooter as a nothing more than a child’s toy was the one most people carried. Now,

several companies, such as Bird, LimeBike, and Spin, are out to change that perception. They are banking big on the idea that

the small, compact electric riding scooters is a viable

personal transportation device. But is it? Let’s take a look at where e-scooters are at today, from their fundamental appeal

to how they work to their practicality beyond ordinary weekend fun.


   



    The Rise of the Electric Scooter


    Although manual and electric kick- or push-start scooters have both been around for some time, the popularity of the

latter has risen steadily over the past two decades.


    Perhaps the central development in the design and marketing of today’s dual motor electric scooter is children are no longer the primary audience.


    Make no mistake, the targets are still young. They just happen to have a different set of priorities.


    College students on campus.


    Young professionals who live and work in urban environments.


    People looking for alternative means of transportation in those same cities.


    Each of these groups offer a market segment that tends to eschew the norms and traditions of the past. Zipping around

town on a low-speed, zero-emission scooter certainly caters to those demanding alternatives.


    With a unifying factor that everyone over a certain age will probably look a little goofy riding one, it’s easy to see

the appeal. It also doesn’t hurt that

foldable electric scooters come across as simple and easily accessible devices that are even easier to operate.


   


    How Do Electric Scooters Work?


    E-scooters, much

like their non-powered siblings are about as straightforward as it gets when it comes to personal transportation devices.


    In their simplest form scooters are composed of a narrow platform or deck,  t-stem handlebars with a throttle and hand

brakes, two wheels (although some models come with three or four), and front and rear suspension. Most scooters are fold-

able, and some models also include a seat.


    When it comes to variation, harley electric scooters are

what they are. Alter the design too much, and they become an entirely different form of transportation. However, they do

possess a few key areas where a slight difference makes a significant impact on performance.


   



    As with most personal e-vehicles, such as hoverboards, self-balancing unicycles, and Segways, the individual riding the

device most often determines just how safe it is. However, staying upright on a scooter is less fraught with danger versus

those other options.


    The primary safety issue with scooters is when you place them among large groups of pedestrians and cars, which is

happening now in a number of major cities across the U.S.


    This intermingling of people on foot and those scooting by at a top speed of 15 mph has created an uptick in accidents

between the two, though reliable data does not yet exist on the exact numbers.


    Beyond possible run-ins with non-riders, another primary safety concern revolves around the attire of the actual riders.

Though every off road electric

scooter manufacturer and ride-sharing company recommend the use of a helmet, and many cities dictate the wearing of

headgear, very few e-scooter riders do so.

Compact Wheel Loader Design Competes with Skid-steer Dominance

    Compact wheel loaders generally lag behind skid

steer loaders, even though compact wheel loaders are more productive in certain applications. Compact wheel loaders can be a

good complement or substitute for skid steer loaders. Benefits include

excellent visibility, improved tire wear and fuel economy, driving speed and overall operator comfort. There are also some

disadvantages that need to be considered, such as the height of the cab, operating weight and transport capacity. The

versatility of the wheel loader is very important.


   



    The definition of a compact wheel loader varies from manufacturer to manufacturer, but machines with less than 125

horsepower usually fall into this category. The real difference between these loaders and their main competitors skid steer

and compact track loaders is the higher rated working load capacity, significantly higher travel speeds, superior lift and

reach distances, longer wheelbases and more High fuel efficiency.


   



    Due to the characteristics of steering machinery, compact articulated medium wheel loaders work well on hard surfaces because of low tire wear. Compared with similar slip

diverters, they also burn less fuel. Between tires and fuel, your end result is reduced daily operating costs.


   



    Visibility on the job site is a safety advantage. From the operator station of the large wheel loader, your field of view is much less than any skid steering system claims.

Speed is also an important advantage when working on a site with a large number of ground shots. When comparing compact wheel

loaders, there are many configurations and options that can really distinguish performance. Investigate all options before

making a choice.


   



    The modern backhoe-loader traces its lineage to a hydraulic digging attachment developed in the late 1940s. Lee Horton

and Dave Willens, co-authors of Wain-Roy and the Invention of the Backhoe conducted extensive research into the

history of this machine and the associated patents. Look for future designs to provide more car-style functions. With the

popularity of backhoe loaders among owners/operators and the platform

most similar to the trucks these people travel to and from the site every day, you will continue to see the impact of cars on

the cabs and controls of these machines. This includes everything from seat and fabric options to the inclusion of Bluetooth

radios and related functions, as well as a constant focus on visibility and site awareness.


   



    Excavators can be divided into many types, such as crawler excavator

, wheeled excavator and towed and rail excavator, etc. But they all consist of a boom, dipper, bucket and cab. The

crawler excavator is a tracked vehicle that moves upon crawler tracks. In contrast, the wheel excavator is moved upon wheels. They both can be used in many working conditions, such as the digging

of the trenches, holes; material handling, forestry work, demolition.


   



    Powered industrial trucks, more commonly known as forklifts trucks,

are the worker bees in many manufacturing and warehousing operations. Although primarily used to move materials, they also

can be used to raise, lower or remove large objects or a number of smaller objects on pallets or in boxes, crates or other

containers. In other words, they do the heavy lifting for us.


    Powered industrial trucks can either be ridden by the operator or controlled by a walking operator, and there are many

types of powered industrial trucks. Each type presents different operating hazards. For example, a sit-down, counterbalanced

high-lift rider truck is more likely than a motorized hand truck to be involved in a falling load accident because the sit-

down rider truck can lift a load much higher than a hand truck.

TYPES OF ELASTIC AND WHEN TO USE THEM

    Hey y’all, in keeping with this month’s theme of what’s underneath? today we’re going to talk about types of elastic.

Being confronted with a wall of elastic or hundreds of online choices can be intimidating for a beginner, so today’s post is

meant to demystify those choices.


   




    Types of Elastic


    There are three basic types of elastic: braided, woven and knitted. These refer to how the yarns are put together, and

the different methods of construction give the resulting elastics different properties.


   



    Braided Elastic


    Elastic braided tape has lengthwise, parallel ridges. Those

ridges make this elastic have more grip but they also mean that braided elastic tends to narrow as it is stretched. Braided

elastic also rolls more easily than woven or knitted elastics, and tends to lose stretch if it is sewn through. For this

reason braided elastic rope is typically recommended for use in casings,

not for sewing directly to fabric. But in some casings (like waists) braided elastic isn’t the best choice because of its

tendency toward rolling. It’s better in sleeves, necklines, or other areas where rolling isn’t a big issue.


   



    Knitted Elastic


    Knitted elastic tape is made by knitting the fibers together.

Knitted elastic tends to be softer than braided or woven elastic, and it retains its width when stretched. It also works well

even when pierced by needles, so it’s a good choice for sew on applications. It rolls more than woven elastic, but less than

braided elastic. Since this elastic is softer, it’s suitable for light to midweight fabrics, but doesn’t have the grip

needed for heavier fabrics. With knit elastic, I may cut the elastic slightly shorter than the finished measurement in order

to have it grip properly, particularly when I use it for waistbands or bra bands.


   




    Woven Elastic


    Also referred to as non-roll elastic, woven elastic tape is

usually the firmest of the three basic elastic types. It retains width as it is stretched, and is suitable for sew on

applications as well as use in casings. Because it tends to be very firm, it is also suitable for heavier weight fabrics. I

generally don’t cut woven elastic with much negative ease, because it will pull too much. In other words, if I’m using it

in a waistband, I’ll cut the elastic to the body measurement where the waist hits, not any less.


   
The zipper is such a great invention no dressmaker can ever imagine what life in

the sewing room would be like without the zipper. Then of course the famous zipper needs a useful foot to ensure it sews up

perfectly. That’s where the zipper foot makes its entrance. If you are going to sew a zipper into your garment don’t

attempt this process without a zipper foot. The zipper foot enables the sewing

needle to stitch close to the raised edge of the zipper. The gadget itself can be attached to the machine’s presser

foot shaft.  The zipper foot has the added advantage of being able to attach to the right or the left side of the presser

foot holder.  Use your zipper foot to insert piping as well as cording.


   



    There are two types of sewing pins. The most commonly used is the straight pin, also know as the hemming pin or basting

pin. The key facets of straight pins that differ and can help you choose

the type you need are length, thickness, and type of head and tip. The metal or finish of the straight pin is typically

brass, steel, nickel, or a combination thereof. The metal used with sewing pins determines whether the pins will stick to a

magnet - a plus for making sure there are none on the floor. Nickel plating is useful for steel pins as it helps the pin

stick to a magnet and prevents it from rusting.


   



    A crochet hook is the basic tool you'll need to get started on your

journey as you learn to crochet. Made from metal, plastic or wood with a small hook at one end, crochet hooks are used to

turn a lovely skein of yarn into cosy jumpers, snuggly blankets and beautiful home accessories. All crochet hooks have

similar basic features, in the same way knitting needles do, but different brands may modify them slightly for extra comfort

or a more eye-catching design.

How to Identify the quality of microfiber leather
1. Check the surface grains. The texture of high quality microfiber is more clear and the surface layer feels really like genuine leather. However, the poor quality microfiber leather texture is rough and with strong sense of plastics.

2. Handfeeling. High quality microfiber has a good feel and the elasticity, comfort are also very high.

3. Check the crease. Folding the different microfiber leathers, and then check and compare the the crease, also check if the crease can disappear soon or not when the recovery. The smaller crease, the faster disappearance, means the better performance of surface PU attached microfiber base. This is an important indicator for high quality microfiber.

4. Check the scratches. Scrape the surface of the microfiber with a hard object to see if it will leave scratches. The surface of the high quality microfiber is with outstanding scratch resistant.

5. Hydrolysis resistance. High quality microfiber is very resistant to hydrolysis. Of course, this is difficult to distinguish with the naked eye, but must ask clearly when the procurement.

6. Base fabric. Base fabric is a key component for microfiber leather and it is related to the overall performance of microfiber. A good base fabric means the performance of microfiber is more stable.

Microfiber leather or real leather?
1. Microfibrer leather is high-class synthetic leather which perfectly replicates features of real leather such as the handfeeling, breathability and moisture absorption etc.

2. The performance of microfiber including chemical and abrasion resistance, anti-crease, aging resistance etc are better than genuine leather.

3. Because the real leather is animal skin, so it has a strange smell. If the formaldehyde and heavy metals exceed the standards in the production process, usually the real leather would has a pungent odour. However, the microfiber is anti-odour.

4. Based on the quality distribution on natural hide, the amount of usable leather is about 60 to 80% only. However, the microfiber is not limited by this, it is produced in roll form, also the quality of microfiber is very stable.

Microfiber leather or PU leather?
1. The price difference. The general price range of ordinary PU microfiber leather in the market is lower than microfiber leather.

2. The performance of the surface layer is different. Although the surface layers of both microfiber and the ordinary PU are polyurethane resins, but the ordinary PU that has been popular for many years, so ordinary PU has much more colors and styles than the microfiber leather. On the other hand, generally speaking, the polyurethane resin of microfiber leather has stronger abrasion resistance, acid and alkali resistance, hydrolysis resistance than the ordinary PU, also the color fastness and texture are better than ordinary PU.

3. The base material is different. Ordinary PU is with knitted fabric or woven fabric or non-woven fabric as the base fabric, then coated with polyurethane resin. The microfiber leather is with a three-dimensional structure of microfiber nonwoven fabric as the base fabric, then coated with high-performance polyurethane resin.

4. Different performance. Microfiber leather is much better than ordinary PU in terms of abrasion resistance, moisture absorption, comfort and other performance indicators etc.

5. Market prospects. The competition of ordinary PU market is very fierce because of the excess capacity and low technical threshold. On the other hand, because of the high technical threshold and the limited capacity and high performance, the solvent free microfiber leather is increasingly recognized by consumers, so there is a large market for growth.

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